Chapter 7 Flashcards
what is visible light
electromagnetic radiation
what are the variables of electromagnetic radiation
frequency, wavelength, amplitude, energy
how is frequency resembled
through greek letter nu which looks like a v
how is wavelength resembled
looks like a sideways T
what are the typical units for wavelength
m, nm, A
how is frequency measured
cycles per second or hertz, Hz
how is energy resembled
E
the brighter the light , the….
taller the wave
where is the speed of light constant
in a vacuum
what is the equation for speed of light
c = nl = 3 x 10^8 m/s
what did planck explain
that color (frequency) of light is correlated with energy derived equation (energy=frequency x wavelength)
what is diffraction
light is bending as it goes around a substance
what is refraction
light bending as it goes through an object
what are the mnemonics of increasing energy by color
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
what are the mnemonics of increasing energy
radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, xray, gamma
do radiographs have longer or shorter wavelengths
longer wavelengths, smaller frequency
do xrays have a smaller frequency or greater frequency
greater frequency, shorter wavelengths
what three key observations lead to the understanding of an atom
blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, atomic line spectra
what is color related to
frequency
what is temperature related to
energy
the color of light becomes “whiter” as
the temperature increases
what did planck postulate
color (frequency) of the light was directly proportional to temperature (energy)
what is plancks equation
energy = plancks constant x frequency
what did einstein propose
that only light with a certain threshold of energy based on energy can cause electrons to flow (energy = plancks constant x frequency)
what was pre einstein thinking
more light (amplitude) will be sufficient to cause electrons to flow
where is the highest energy level
farthest from the nucleus
where is the lowest energy level
closest to the nucleus
what did bohr propose
electrons in atoms only exist at certain energy levels called atomic orbitals, but they can jump from one orbital to another. greater frequency value = higher energy level (furthest from the nucleus)
what does quantum refer to
specific quantities
what does absorption do
go up in energy
what does emisson mean
energy goes down
where is there the biggest energy level difference
between n=1 and n=2
when do you get the defraction pattern
when its behaving as a wave
what did de broglie state
all matter exhibits properties of both particles and waves. electrons have wave-like motion and therefore have only certain allowable frequencies and wavelengths
what type of waves are electrons
standing electrons
what does the bohr equation work for
energy of the H atom
what does the schrodinger wave equation allow
it allows us to solve for the energy states associated with a particular atomic orbital. this equation describes the energy levels for standing waves
how many quantum numbers are there
3
what’s the lowest energy level
1
what do the numerical values for l correspond to
letters
what is the letter that corresponds with the numerical value for l: 0
s
what is the letter that corresponds with the numerical value for l: 1
p
what is the letter that corresponds with the numerical value for l: 2
d
what is the letter that corresponds with the numerical value for l: 3
f
what is the letter that corresponds with the numerical value for l: 4
g
what is the simplest orbital
the s orbital; 0
how many f orbitals are there
seven
how many s orbitals are there
1
how many p orbitals are there
3
how many d orbitals are there
5
how many f orbitals are there
7
if l is 3 what can ml be
-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
if l is 1 what can ml be
-1, 0, 1
if n=3, then how many possible orbitals are there
9
what is the photoelectric effect
only light with a certain threshold of energy based on frequencies can cause electrons to flow (E=hn)
what is atomic line spectra
different frequencies of light are refracted (bent) through a prism(rainbow effect)
what is the atomic line spectrum
bohr said that electrons in atoms occupy only certain energy levels (orbitals) and that emit only light with specific quantities of energy -> conclusion: the energy of electrons is quantized (taken together with blackbody radiation and photoelectric effect
what does the difference in energy between atomic orbitals correspond to
the planck equation
what phenomenon did de broglie propose
the wave-particle duality of matter and energy
what phenomenon did Schrodinger propose
the quantum mechanical model of the atom
what is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle
it is not possible to know both the position and speed of a moving subatomic particle at the same time
