Chapter 7

Question 1

what is visible light

Answer 1

electromagnetic radiation

Question 2

what are the variables of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 2

frequency, wavelength, amplitude, energy

Question 3

how is frequency resembled

Answer 3

through greek letter nu which looks like a v

Question 4

how is wavelength resembled

Answer 4

looks like a sideways T

Question 5

what are the typical units for wavelength

Answer 5

m, nm, A

Question 6

how is frequency measured

Answer 6

cycles per second or hertz, Hz

Question 7

how is energy resembled

Answer 7

E

Question 8

the brighter the light , the….

Answer 8

taller the wave

Question 9

where is the speed of light constant

Answer 9

in a vacuum

Question 10

what is the equation for speed of light

Answer 10

c = nl = 3 x 10^8 m/s

Question 11

what did planck explain

Answer 11

that color (frequency) of light is correlated with energy derived equation (energy=frequency x wavelength)

Question 12

what is diffraction

Answer 12

light is bending as it goes around a substance

Question 13

what is refraction

Answer 13

light bending as it goes through an object

Question 14

what are the mnemonics of increasing energy by color

Answer 14

red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

Question 15

what are the mnemonics of increasing energy

Answer 15

radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, xray, gamma

Question 16

do radiographs have longer or shorter wavelengths

Answer 16

longer wavelengths, smaller frequency

Question 17

do xrays have a smaller frequency or greater frequency

Answer 17

greater frequency, shorter wavelengths

Question 18

what three key observations lead to the understanding of an atom

Answer 18

blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, atomic line spectra

Question 19

what is color related to

Answer 19

frequency

Question 20

what is temperature related to

Answer 20

energy

Question 21

the color of light becomes “whiter” as

Answer 21

the temperature increases

Question 22

what did planck postulate

Answer 22

color (frequency) of the light was directly proportional to temperature (energy)

Question 23

what is plancks equation

Answer 23

energy = plancks constant x frequency

Question 24

what did einstein propose

Answer 24

that only light with a certain threshold of energy based on energy can cause electrons to flow (energy = plancks constant x frequency)

Question 25

what was pre einstein thinking

Answer 25

more light (amplitude) will be sufficient to cause electrons to flow

Question 26

where is the highest energy level

Answer 26

farthest from the nucleus

Question 27

where is the lowest energy level

Answer 27

closest to the nucleus

Question 28

what did bohr propose

Answer 28

electrons in atoms only exist at certain energy levels called atomic orbitals, but they can jump from one orbital to another. greater frequency value = higher energy level (furthest from the nucleus)

Question 29

what does quantum refer to

Answer 29

specific quantities

Question 30

what does absorption do

Answer 30

go up in energy

Question 31

what does emisson mean

Answer 31

energy goes down

Question 32

where is there the biggest energy level difference

Answer 32

between n=1 and n=2

Question 33

when do you get the defraction pattern

Answer 33

when its behaving as a wave

Question 34

what did de broglie state

Answer 34

all matter exhibits properties of both particles and waves. electrons have wave-like motion and therefore have only certain allowable frequencies and wavelengths

Question 35

what type of waves are electrons

Answer 35

standing electrons

Question 36

what does the bohr equation work for

Answer 36

energy of the H atom

Question 37

what does the schrodinger wave equation allow

Answer 37

it allows us to solve for the energy states associated with a particular atomic orbital. this equation describes the energy levels for standing waves

Question 38

how many quantum numbers are there

Answer 38

3

Question 39

what's the lowest energy level

Answer 39

1

Question 40

what do the numerical values for l correspond to

Answer 40

letters

Question 41

what is the letter that corresponds with the numerical value for l: 0

Answer 41

s

Question 42

what is the letter that corresponds with the numerical value for l: 1

Answer 42

p

Question 43

what is the letter that corresponds with the numerical value for l: 2

Answer 43

d

Question 44

what is the letter that corresponds with the numerical value for l: 3

Answer 44

f

Question 45

what is the letter that corresponds with the numerical value for l: 4

Answer 45

g

Question 46

what is the simplest orbital

Answer 46

the s orbital; 0

Question 47

how many f orbitals are there

Answer 47

seven

Question 48

how many s orbitals are there

Answer 48

1

Question 49

how many p orbitals are there

Answer 49

3

Question 50

how many d orbitals are there

Answer 50

5

Question 51

how many f orbitals are there

Answer 51

7

Question 52

if l is 3 what can ml be

Answer 52

-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3

Question 53

if l is 1 what can ml be

Answer 53

-1, 0, 1

Question 54

if n=3, then how many possible orbitals are there

Answer 54

9

Question 55

what is the photoelectric effect

Answer 55

only light with a certain threshold of energy based on frequencies can cause electrons to flow (E=hn)

Question 56

what is atomic line spectra

Answer 56

different frequencies of light are refracted (bent) through a prism(rainbow effect)

Question 57

what is the atomic line spectrum

Answer 57

bohr said that electrons in atoms occupy only certain energy levels (orbitals) and that emit only light with specific quantities of energy -> conclusion: the energy of electrons is quantized (taken together with blackbody radiation and photoelectric effect

Question 58

what does the difference in energy between atomic orbitals correspond to

Answer 58

the planck equation

Question 59

what phenomenon did de broglie propose

Answer 59

the wave-particle duality of matter and energy

Question 60

what phenomenon did Schrodinger propose

Answer 60

the quantum mechanical model of the atom

Question 61

what is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 61

it is not possible to know both the position and speed of a moving subatomic particle at the same time