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BIO 220 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When DNA from 2 sources are combined into one single piece of DNA

A

Recombinant DNA

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2
Q

Preferred name of the technique used to determine if DNA comes from a particular individual

A

DNA profiling

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3
Q

If you commit a crime and leave behind DNA this material can be amplified by what and used to identify you

A

PCR

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4
Q

Genomic libraries can be constructed using plasmids or

A

Phages

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5
Q

Standard tool used for DNA profiling by forensic scientists

A

STR analyses

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6
Q

Why is the whole-genome shotgun method currently the tool of choice for analyzing genomes

A

It’s fast and inexpensive

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7
Q

Cloning to produce embryonic stem cells

A

Therapeutic cloning

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8
Q

Separation of cells from whole tissue

A

Cell extraction

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9
Q

Solid, fell-like, fluid surrounding cells and assist in tissue function and cellular interaction

A

Extracellular matrix

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10
Q

Separates cells according to fluorescence antibody tag

A

Fluorescence - activated cell sorter

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11
Q

Undifferentiated s has ability to create different cells

A

Embryonic stem cells

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12
Q

Evidence that most differentiated cells retain a full set of genes

A

Plant cloning and animal limb regeneration

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13
Q

Replacing the nucleus of an egg cell or zygote with a nucleus from an adult somatic cell

A

Nuclear transplantation

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14
Q

Implant embryo in surrogate mother, new animal is genetically identical

A

Reproductive cloning

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15
Q

Group of cells

A

Blastoa

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16
Q

Can give rise to many but not an types of cells

A

Adult stem cells

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17
Q

Remove haploid nucleus from unfertilized egg, insert diploid nucleus

A

Somatic cell transplantation

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18
Q

Produced by asexual reproduction and genetically identical to parent

A

Clone

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19
Q

Ability to manipulate DNA with precision in a test tube

A

Genetic engineering

20
Q

Cut the DNA double helix at specific sites into fragments

A

Restriction nucleases

21
Q

Hpal

A

Blunt ends

22
Q

EcoRI, HindIII, PstI

A

Staggered ends

23
Q

Can form complementary base pairs with the tail at any other end produced by same enzyme

A

Cohesive ends

24
Q

Method of staining DNA that fluoresces under UV light

A

Ethidium bromide

25
Q

How can the double helix rapidly dissociate

A

Heated at 100C or exposed to ph ≥ 13

26
Q

Process of disturbing base pairs and dissociating double helix

A

DNA denaturation

27
Q

Process of DNA reforming double helices at 65C

A

Hybridization

28
Q

DNA circles are cut with

A

Restriction nuclease

29
Q

Cuts DNA at specific sequences, may leave sticky ends

A

Restriction enzymes

30
Q

A collection of all the cloned DNA fragment from a target genome

A

Genomic library

31
Q

Genomic library vectors

A

Plasmid, phage, bacterial artificial chromosome

32
Q

Extracting the mRNA and making a DNA copy

A

cDNA

33
Q

cDNA reaction is catalyzed by

A

Reverse transcriptase enzyme

34
Q

cDNA clone and entire connection derived from one mRNA

A

cDNA library

35
Q

Single - stranded cDNA converted to double stranded cDNA by

A

DNA polymerase

36
Q

Most important advantage of cDNA clones

A

Contain uninterrupted coding sequence of a gene

37
Q

To deduce amino acid sequence of protein or produce protea in bulk it’s preferable to start with

A

cDNA

38
Q

Rapid cloning of genes allows DNA to be amplified

A

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

39
Q

PCR relies on a pair of

A

Primers

40
Q

Repeated cycle of steps for PCR

A
  • sample is heated to separate strands
  • sample is cooled and primer binds to target sequence
  • target sequence is copied with heat-stable DNA polymerase
41
Q

Separates DNA molecules based on size

A

Gel electrophoresis

42
Q

Gel electrophoresis current moves

A

Negative electrode to positive

43
Q

More through gel pores quickly and farther

A

Shorter DNA fragments

44
Q

Genetic markers used in DNA profiling

A

Short tandem repeats

45
Q

Standard for DNA profiling analyzes how many STR sites

A

13

46
Q

Uses of DNA profiling

A
  • Forensics
  • paternity tests
  • identification of human remains
  • species identification
47
Q

Shows colored peaks representing nucleotides

A

Automated DNA sequencing

BIO 220 (5 decks)

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