Chapter 8

Question 1

When DNA from 2 sources are combined into one single piece of DNA

Answer 1

Recombinant DNA

Question 2

Preferred name of the technique used to determine if DNA comes from a particular individual

Answer 2

DNA profiling

Question 3

If you commit a crime and leave behind DNA this material can be amplified by what and used to identify you

Answer 3

PCR

Question 4

Genomic libraries can be constructed using plasmids or

Answer 4

Phages

Question 5

Standard tool used for DNA profiling by forensic scientists

Answer 5

STR analyses

Question 6

Why is the whole-genome shotgun method currently the tool of choice for analyzing genomes

Answer 6

It’s fast and inexpensive

Question 7

Cloning to produce embryonic stem cells

Answer 7

Therapeutic cloning

Question 8

Separation of cells from whole tissue

Answer 8

Cell extraction

Question 9

Solid, fell-like, fluid surrounding cells and assist in tissue function and cellular interaction

Answer 9

Extracellular matrix

Question 10

Separates cells according to fluorescence antibody tag

Answer 10

Fluorescence - activated cell sorter

Question 11

Undifferentiated s has ability to create different cells

Answer 11

Embryonic stem cells

Question 12

Evidence that most differentiated cells retain a full set of genes

Answer 12

Plant cloning and animal limb regeneration

Question 13

Replacing the nucleus of an egg cell or zygote with a nucleus from an adult somatic cell

Answer 13

Nuclear transplantation

Question 14

Implant embryo in surrogate mother, new animal is genetically identical

Answer 14

Reproductive cloning

Question 15

Group of cells

Answer 15

Blastoa

Question 16

Can give rise to many but not an types of cells

Answer 16

Adult stem cells

Question 17

Remove haploid nucleus from unfertilized egg, insert diploid nucleus

Answer 17

Somatic cell transplantation

Question 18

Produced by asexual reproduction and genetically identical to parent

Answer 18

Clone

Question 19

Ability to manipulate DNA with precision in a test tube

Answer 19

Genetic engineering

Question 20

Cut the DNA double helix at specific sites into fragments

Answer 20

Restriction nucleases

Question 21

Hpal

Answer 21

Blunt ends

Question 22

EcoRI, HindIII, PstI

Answer 22

Staggered ends

Question 23

Can form complementary base pairs with the tail at any other end produced by same enzyme

Answer 23

Cohesive ends

Question 24

Method of staining DNA that fluoresces under UV light

Answer 24

Ethidium bromide

Question 25

How can the double helix rapidly dissociate

Answer 25

Heated at 100C or exposed to ph ≥ 13

Question 26

Process of disturbing base pairs and dissociating double helix

Answer 26

DNA denaturation

Question 27

Process of DNA reforming double helices at 65C

Answer 27

Hybridization

Question 28

DNA circles are cut with

Answer 28

Restriction nuclease

Question 29

Cuts DNA at specific sequences, may leave sticky ends

Answer 29

Restriction enzymes

Question 30

A collection of all the cloned DNA fragment from a target genome

Answer 30

Genomic library

Question 31

Genomic library vectors

Answer 31

Plasmid, phage, bacterial artificial chromosome

Question 32

Extracting the mRNA and making a DNA copy

Answer 32

cDNA

Question 33

cDNA reaction is catalyzed by

Answer 33

Reverse transcriptase enzyme

Question 34

cDNA clone and entire connection derived from one mRNA

Answer 34

cDNA library

Question 35

Single - stranded cDNA converted to double stranded cDNA by

Answer 35

DNA polymerase

Question 36

Most important advantage of cDNA clones

Answer 36

Contain uninterrupted coding sequence of a gene

Question 37

To deduce amino acid sequence of protein or produce protea in bulk it's preferable to start with

Answer 37

cDNA

Question 38

Rapid cloning of genes allows DNA to be amplified

Answer 38

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 39

PCR relies on a pair of

Answer 39

Primers

Question 40

Repeated cycle of steps for PCR

Answer 40

- sample is heated to separate strands - sample is cooled and primer binds to target sequence - target sequence is copied with heat-stable DNA polymerase

Question 41

Separates DNA molecules based on size

Answer 41

Gel electrophoresis

Question 42

Gel electrophoresis current moves

Answer 42

Negative electrode to positive

Question 43

More through gel pores quickly and farther

Answer 43

Shorter DNA fragments

Question 44

Genetic markers used in DNA profiling

Answer 44

Short tandem repeats

Question 45

Standard for DNA profiling analyzes how many STR sites

Answer 45

13

Question 46

Uses of DNA profiling

Answer 46

- Forensics - paternity tests - identification of human remains - species identification

Question 47

Shows colored peaks representing nucleotides

Answer 47

Automated DNA sequencing