Chapter 5 Flashcards
Which enzyme synthesizes RNA primers
DNA primase
Relaxes DNA by nicking and then closing one strand of duplex DNA
Type I topoisomerase
If E. coli genome requires 20 mins to replicate itself, how can the genome of drosophila be replicated in only 3 mins
Drosophila contains more origins of replication than E. coli
What kind of nucleotide has a two-ring structure with an amine functional group
Purine
The duplication of genetic information carried in chemical form as DNA
DNA replication
Permanent change in the DNA
Mutation
The rate at which observable change occurs in DNA sequences
Mutation rate
The mechanism the cell uses to copy the nucleotide sequence
DNA templating
First nudeotide-polymerizing enzyme
DNA polymerase
Each nucleotide added to a growing DNA strand comes from
Nucleoside (a sugar and a base) triphosphate (3 phosphate groups)
What happen when nucleosides pair and the 2 phosphate groups are released
Provides energy for phosphodiester bond
Semiconservative replication
Conservative replication
Dispersive replication
A localized region of replication that moves progressively along the parental DNA double helix
Replication fork
Origin of replication takes place where which base pairs are predominant
A and T
Binds to double helix and breaks hydrogen bonds
DNA helicase
Changes DNA topology by breaking and rejoining double - stranded DNA
Type II topoisomerase
Polymerized only in the 3’ to 5’ chain direction
Okazaki fragments
Daughter strand that is synthesized continuously
Leading strand
Daughter strand that is synthesized discontinuously
Lagging strand
The synthesis of each Okazaki fragment ends when
DNA polymerase runs into the RNA primer attached the 5’ end of previous daughter fragment