Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 8. > Flashcards

Chapter 8. Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

an/o

A

anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

append/o, appendic/o

A

appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

bil/i

A

bile; gall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

chol/e

A

gall; bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cirrh/o

A

orange-yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon; large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cyst/o

A

cyst; fluid sac; bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

dent/i

A

tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

duoden/o

A

deudenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gluc/o, glyc/o

A

sugar; glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

jaund/o

A

yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

labi/o

A

lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

lapar/o

A

abdominal wall; abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ling/o

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

lith/o

A

stone; calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

or/o

A

mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum, membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers abdominal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

phag/o

A

eat; swallow; engulf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx; throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

proct/o

A

rectum; anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

sigmoid/p

A

sigmoid colon; sigmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

a-, an-

A

not; without

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

de-

A

lack of; down; less; removal of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

dia-

A

through; complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

dys-

A

painful; difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

endo-

A

in; within

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

epi-

A

on; over; upon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

peri-

A

around; surrounding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

post-

A

after; behind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

pre-

A

before; in front of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

sub-

A

below; under

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

ultra-

A

beyond; excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

-ac, -al, -eal, -ic

A

pertaining to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

-ation

A

process; condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

-chezia

A

defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

-clysis

A

irrigation; washing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical extraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

-gen

A

substance that produces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

-ia

A

condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

-ist

A

specialist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

-phagia

A

eating; swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

-prandial

A

meal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

-rrhea

A

flow; excessive discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

-scope

A

instrument used to view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

-stalsis

A

contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

-stomy

A

surgical opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

-um, -us

A

structure; tissue; thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Another name for Digestive System

A

Gastrointestinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Where does it begin?

A

in the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Where does it end

A

in the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What are the 4 functions?

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Ingestion

A

Intake of substances, begins mechanical digestion called mastication (chewing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Digestion

A

Main breakdown of food. 2 types of digestion, physical and chemical. In chemical digestion, the process is aided by bile from the liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Absorption

A

Starting in the duodenum, then jejunum and finally the ileum. Absorption takes the nutrients from digested food into the blood stream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Elimination

A

Defecation of waste, usually in solid form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Alimentary Canal

A

Oral cavity (mouth), the pharynx (throat), the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine (often referred to as intestines), the colon (large intestine), the rectum, and the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Accessory Organs

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Oral Cavity

A

Labia, Buccae, Hard Palate, soft palate, uvula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Labia

A

Lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Buccae

A

CHeeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Hard Palate

A

roof of mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

soft palate

A

back of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Uvula

A

covers the nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Tongue

A

Aids in mastication, contain papillae/taste receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

Teeth

A

Crown, root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Crown

A

divided into the maxillary and mandibular arches of the mouth. Supported by gingiva/gums

93
Q

Root

A

enamel (hard covering), dentin (bone-like material), pulp cavity (which contains connective tissue). The pulp cavity extends into the root, and becomes the root canal.

94
Q

Salivary Glands

A

Sublingual is beneath the tongue, submandibular is on floor of mouth, parotid in in the cheeks

95
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

96
Q

Nasopharynx

A

nose and throat, airway

97
Q

Oropharynx

A

Between soft palate and epiglottis

98
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

beneath throat, pathway for substances.

99
Q

Deglutition

A

swallowing

100
Q

Peristalsis

A

muscular propulsion

101
Q

Esophagus

A

mucous lined membrane tube

102
Q

Cardiac Sphincter

A

End of esophagus. controls substances going into stomach

103
Q

Stomach

A

sac like organ

104
Q

Fundus

A

upper portion of stomach

105
Q

body (stomach)

A

main section

106
Q

antrum

A

lower section

107
Q

Rugae

A

Mucos Lining to protect the stomach form acid.

108
Q

Chyme

A

Acid mixed food

109
Q

Pyloric Sphincter

A

connects to duodenum

110
Q

Small Intestine (Enter/o)

A

absorption of nutrients, 17-20 feet long

111
Q

Duodenum

A

1st section, receives food from stomach, bile from the liver and gallbladder, and pancreatic juice from the pancreas.

112
Q

Jejunum

A

2nd section, 8 feet, absorbs nutrients into bloodstream

113
Q

ileum

A

3rd, 12 ft, absorbs vitamin b

114
Q

ileocecal Sphincter

A

prevents backflow from colon,

115
Q

Colon

A

large intestine

116
Q

Cecum

A

connects to ileum, contains appendix

117
Q

Ascending Colon

A

travels up

118
Q

transverse colon

A

longest part, between ascending and descending. Is horizontal

119
Q

Descending colon

A

travels down

120
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

connected to descending colon and leads to rectum. Named after greek S

121
Q

Rectum

A

last section of colon, collects feces

122
Q

Anus / Anal Sphincter

A

opening that releases stool

123
Q

Liver

A

RUQ, stores nutrients and filtrates the bloodstream. Converts carbohydrates into sugar and produces bile.

124
Q

Bile

A

breaks down fatty foods, travels through cystic ducts into gall bladder

125
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores bile

126
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces many enzymes which are used in the duodenum to sanitize chyme. Produces Amylase, Lipase, Protease, and Insulin

127
Q

Amylase

A

breaks down carbohydrates

128
Q

Lipase

A

breaks down fats

129
Q

Protease

A

breaks down proteins

130
Q

Insulin

A

helps absorb sugar

131
Q

Anal Fistula

A

Tube-like passage between anus and skin. Caused by infection and develops into a swollen pus-filled area.

132
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Sees themself as fat, in reality they are skinny so they try to eat less.

133
Q

Appendicitis

A

infected appendix

134
Q

Bulimia

A

Force vomiting or excessive use of laxatives.

135
Q

Celiac Disease

A

reaction to eating gluten or anything wheat based.

136
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of gallbladder

137
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

gallbladder containing stones

138
Q

Cirrhosis

A

scarring of liver due to harmful substances or hepatitis.

139
Q

colon cancer

A

tumor in colon, rectum or both

140
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

chronic disease causing inflamed digestive tract

141
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay

142
Q

enteritis

A

inflamed intestines, symptoms are diarrhea

143
Q

esophageal varices

A

swollen veins in the distal or upper part of esophagus

144
Q

gastroenteritis (stomach bug)

A

inflamed stomach and intestines, symptoms are nausea vomiting and diarrhea.

145
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux

A

stomach acids flow into esophagus

146
Q

hepatitis

A

inflamed liver

147
Q

hepatitis A

A

spread through food contaminated by feces of infected

148
Q

hepatitis B

A

chronic form of hepatitis transmitted through bodily fluids or birth

149
Q

hepatitis C

A

Chronic hepatitis transmitted by bodily fluids, usually through needles

150
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of organ or structure through the muscle containing it.

151
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

hernia where uppe rpart of the stomach protrudes the esophageal opening in the diaphragm

152
Q

Inguinal Hernia

A

hernia which a portion of the intestines protrudes through a weakened part of the lower abdomen or groin.

153
Q

Intestinal obstruction

A

complete stoppage fo digested food in the intestines

154
Q

Ileus

A

stoppage of internal peristalsis, symptoms of pain, vomiting, fever, and no stool

155
Q

Intestinal Adhesion

A

Fibrous bands of tissue abnormally binding the intestines together, may result from trauma or inflammation

156
Q

intussusception

A

folding of intestine, seen in young children

157
Q

strangulating obstruction

A

blood flow to intestines is block, may lead to necrosis, gangrene and perforation

158
Q

volvulus

A

abnormal twisting of intestine

159
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

A

Affects colon and small intestine. Symptoms include diarrhea, bloating, cramping and constipation associated with stress and tension.

160
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflamed pancreas

161
Q

Peptic Ulcer

A

gastric or duodenal open sore caused by helicobacter pylori

162
Q

Periodontal Disease

A

Inflamed and degeneration of gums, teeth and surrounding bone

163
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflamed abdominal cavity caused by bacterial infection, occurs after rupture or trauma in the abdominal region

164
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

Inflammation of colon ulcers

165
Q

Anorexia

A

lack of appetite

166
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdomen

167
Q

Borboygmus

A

Movement of gas or fluid, produces grumbling stomach

168
Q

Constipation

A

hard to poop

169
Q

dehydration

A

lack of water

170
Q

diarrhea

A

excessive discharge of poop

171
Q

Dyspepsia

A

painful digestion

172
Q

dysphagia

A

difficult swallowing

173
Q

Emesis

A

vomiting

174
Q

Eructation

A

release of gas, burp

175
Q

flatus

A

fart

176
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

177
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

178
Q

Hematochezia

A

fresh blood poop

179
Q

Jaundice

A

yellow discoloration

180
Q

nausea

A

sensation to vomit, dizzyness

181
Q

Regurgitation

A

swallowed food comes up from stomach

182
Q

Ulcer

A

open sore

183
Q

abdominal ultrasound

A

using sound waves to creat an image

184
Q

barium enema, lower gastrointestinal series (LGI)

A

X-ray of large intestine

185
Q

Biopsy

A

removal of small piece of living tissue to examine

186
Q

excisional biopsy

A

removal of tumor

187
Q

incisional biopsy

A

cut into tissue

188
Q

needle biopsy

A

using needle to remove a sample

189
Q

CT (computerized tomography), aka CAT

A

radiographic images are taken from multiple angles, more detail than x-rays

190
Q

endoscopy

A

examination of body organs through scope

191
Q

Capsule endoscopy

A

visual examination using tiny camera

192
Q

colonoscopy

A

examination of colon

193
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

examination of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

194
Q

gastroscopy

A

examination of stomach

195
Q

Laparoscopy

A

examination of internal organ using laparoscope

196
Q

Proctoscopy

A

examination of rectum

197
Q

Sigmoidoscopy

A

examination of sigmoid colon

198
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

x-ray using fluoroscope

199
Q

Lab test

A

examination of substance from patient

200
Q

amylase

A

blood test to detect elevated levels of an enzyme common in pancreatic disorders

201
Q

Complete blood count

A

routine test involved counting red, white, and platelets in blood. Determines internal bleeding or infection.

202
Q

Liver Profile

A

blood test measuring enzymes in liver and waste products

203
Q

Occult blood test

A

detects blood in feces

204
Q

Serology test

A

diagnoses infection by seeking reaction to an antibody.

205
Q

Upper gastrointestinal series (UGI)

A

x-rays taken of stomach and duodenum after swallowing something

206
Q

Acid blocker

A

group of drugs blocking acid production in stomach

207
Q

Antibiotic

A

drug fighting infections

208
Q

antiemetic

A

drug preventing vomiting

209
Q

Antiviral

A

treats viral infections

210
Q

Bariatric surgery

A

surgical treatments for morbid obesity

211
Q

Diet Therapy

A

treatment through foods

212
Q

Laxatives

A

faster poop

213
Q

Plasty

A

repair of tissue

214
Q

Ectomy

A

removal of tissue

215
Q

stomy

A

creating an opening

216
Q

A.C

A

Before Meals

217
Q

CC

A

chief complaint

218
Q

EGD

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

219
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

220
Q

LGI

A

lower gastrointestinal

221
Q

NG

A

nasogastric

222
Q

p.c

A

after meals

223
Q

PO

A

by mouth

224
Q

UGI

A

upper gastrointestinal

225
Q

Gastroenterologist

A

specializes in digestive system. 4 years of college, 4 years of medical school and 3 year residency of internal medicine followed by 3 years of gastroenterology.

226
Q

Registered Dietitian

A

supervises food, bachelors degree and dietetic internship.

227
Q

Dentist

A

specializes in diagnosis of mouth and gums. Bachelors degree, graduation from dental school and completion of exams

228
Q

Dental hygienist

A

works under supervision of dentist. Accredited dental hygiene program and certification of an associate’s degree or above.

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions