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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 Test Review > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Test Review Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Clear, colorless mucous membrane surrounding the eyelids.

Covers anterior portion of eye

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2
Q

Sclera

A

fibrous outer layer
Maintains shape
Protects delicate inner layers

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3
Q

Cornea

A

transparent anterior portion
provides optical power to eye
Kerat/o

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4
Q

Iris

A

colored layer surrounding pupil

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5
Q

Pupil

A

black opening in the center of iris

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6
Q

Lens

A

curved, flexible structure that focuses images on the retina

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7
Q

Choroid

A

blood-rich nourishing layer that lies under the posterior sclera

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8
Q

Ciliary Body

A

encapsulates and holds lens in place

Adjusts the shape of lens

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9
Q

Anterior Chamber

A

contains watery fluid called aqueous humor. Aqueous humor gives eye its shape, cleanses and nourishes eye.

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10
Q

Posterior Chamber

A

filled with clear gel-like substance called vitreous humor to keep retina in place.

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11
Q

Retina

A

thin layer of tissue that lines posterior of eye internally.
Located between choroid and posterior chamber.

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12
Q

Photoreceptors

A

specialized light-sensitive cells that receive images and convert

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13
Q

Rods

A

see black, white and gray

peripheral vision

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14
Q

Cones

A

color receptors

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15
Q

Optic nerve

A

2nd cranial nerve

Generates nerve impulses, and transmits them from retina to brain

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16
Q

Optic Disc

A

blind spot

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17
Q

Fovea Centralis

A

area of greatest visual acuity

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18
Q

Macula

A

area near the retina that contains specialized high density cones for high acuity vision

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19
Q

Lacrimal glands

A

secrete tears

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20
Q

Ciliary GLands

A

tiny sweat glands in the upper and lower margins of eyelids

secret protective lubricant onto the eyeball

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21
Q

Lacrimal Canaliculi

A

ducts at the inner corner of each eye collect tears and drain them into the lacrimal sac

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22
Q

Lacrimal sac

A

tear sac

dacryocyst

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23
Q

Lacrimal duct-passageway

A

drains fluid into nose

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24
Q

Eyelid

A

protects eye

Blephar/o

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25
Q

Canthus

A

where upper and lower eyelids meet

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26
Q

Inner canthus

A

where lids meet nearest the nose

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27
Q

Epicanthus

A

vertical fold of skin on sides of nose

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28
Q

Major areas of Ear

A

Outer, MIddle and Inner

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29
Q

Outer Ear

A

hearing

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30
Q

Middle Ear

A

tympanic cavity, small air

filled cavity in temporal bone

31
Q

Inner Ear

A

euilibrium

32
Q

Auricle

A

pinna

33
Q

External Auditory Canal (EAC)

A

directs sound to ear canal

34
Q

Cerumen

A

traps debris

35
Q

Tympanic Membrane

A

eardrum

36
Q

Malleus

A

mallet

37
Q

Incus

A

anvil

38
Q

Stapes

A

stirrup

39
Q

Eustachian Tubes

A

connects Tympanic cavity to pharynx

closed except during swallow

40
Q

Labyrinth

A

controls balance and quilibrium

41
Q

Oval Window

A

Connects middle to inner

42
Q

Cohlea

A

sound travels through fluids located inside this snail structure

43
Q

Semicircular Canals

A

transmit body balance and position

44
Q

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

A

responsible for transmitting information about balance and hearing

45
Q

Olfactory Receptor Cells

A

roof of each nasal cavity

46
Q

Olfactory hairs

A

stimulated by odor

47
Q

Papillae

A

contains taste buds

48
Q

tastebuds

A

sensitive structures that distinguish taste

49
Q

Gustatory Sense

A

5 tastes

sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami

50
Q

Cones

A

help the retina see color

51
Q

Rods

A

Help the retina see in dim lighting, black and white

52
Q

Cataract

A

Lens clouding up which results in decreased visual acuity. Caused by excessive protein in lens.

53
Q

Glaucome

A

Press in eye causes damage to retina and optic nerve eventually leading to blindness.

54
Q

Nystagmus

A

involuntary movement of one or both eyes resulting in limited visual acuity

55
Q

Astigmatism

A

Defective curvature of cornea producing blurry vision

present in nearsightedness or farsightedness

56
Q

Hyperopia

A

farsightedness

57
Q

Myopia

A

nearsightedness

58
Q

Presbyopia

A

Hyperopia caused by age

59
Q

Retinal detachment

A

Emergency condition where retina separates from layer of supporting blood vessels.

Symptoms are small specks or hair like strands, flashy lights and shadow that gradually obscures vision.

60
Q

Strabismus

A

misalignment of eyes, cross eyes

61
Q

Vitreous floaters

A

squiggly hair like lines in field of vision due to shrinkage and detachment of collagen fibers in vitreous humor. Excessive floaters can signal retinal detachment and vision loss.

62
Q

Conductive Deafness

A

hearing impairment resulting from inadequate sound-wave conduction form outerear to ossicles of middle ear

63
Q

Nerve Deafness

A

deafness from damaged cochlea or auditory nerve

hearing loss

64
Q

Impacted cerumen

A

accumulation of earwax in ear

65
Q

Menieres disease

A

disorder of labyrinth in inner ear causing vertigo / spinning sensation

66
Q

Otitis media

A

inflammation of middle ear

67
Q

Otosclerosis

A

hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear

68
Q

Tinnitus

A

sensation of noises in ear when no sound is present

69
Q

Vertigo

A

spinning sensation from inner-ear disorder or condition

70
Q

Ishihara Color Vision Test

A

Test for color blindness

71
Q

Visual Acuity Test

A

Assessment of visual clarity using a chart to detect myopia and hyperopia

72
Q

LASIK (Laser in situ keratotomy)

A

Using ultraviolet laser to correct refraction errors

73
Q

Cochlear Implant

A

Electronic device surgically implanted in inner ear to restore hearing

74
Q

Myringotomy

A

surgical incision of eardrum to drain fluid and relieve pressure

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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