Chapter 8 Flashcards
Cognition
All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Concept
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
Prototype
A mental image or best example of a catagory. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into catagories.(as when you compare a feathered creature to a prototypical bird, such as a crow)
Algorithm
A methodical, logical rule or procedure the guarentees you will solve a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually faster but more error prone use of Hueristics
Hueristic
A simple thinking strategy that often allows you to make judgements and solve problems efficiently. Usually faster but also more error prone than Algorithm
Insight
A sudden realization of the solution to a problem. Contrasts with strategy based solutions
Confirmation Bias
A tendency to search for info that supports your own preconceptions and ignore or distort evidence that contradicts them
Functional/Fixedness Specifics
In cognition, the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an obstacle to solving a problem
Intution
An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning
Representativeness Hueristic
judging the likeliness of an event in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information
Availibility Hueristic
Judging the likelihood of an event based on their availibility in memory; if an event comes readily to mind(because it was vivid), we assume it must be common
Belief Perserverance
Clinging to beliefs even after evidence has proven them wrong
General Intelligence
According to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
What are Howard Gardners 8 multiple intelligences?
Linguistic Logical Musical Facial Bodily/Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalist
What are Robert Sternbergs Triarchic Theory?
Analytical
Creativity
Practical Intelligence
