Chapter 12 Flashcards
personality
an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Psychodynamic theories
theories that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences
What was frueds veiw on personality
Ego= conscious mind
Super ego= internalized ideas
Id= Balances the ego and super ego
Fixated
A stage in life that is stalled
Defense mechanisms
in psychoanalytic theory, the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
repression
in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness the thoughts, feelings, and memories that arouse anxiety
free association
in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how unimportant or embarrassing
hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs; at the base are physiological needs. These basic needs must be satisfied before higher-level safety needs, and then psychological needs, become active
self-actualization
according to Maslow, the psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill our potential
self-transcendence
according to Maslow, the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self
unconditional positive regard
a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help people develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
self-serving bias
our readiness to perceive ourselves favorably.
self-esteem
our feelings of high or low self-worth
self-efficacy
our sense of competence and effectiveness
social-cognitive perspective
a view of behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context.
