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Structure & Function > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

the central nervous system (CNS) consists of the…

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the…

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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3
Q

_______ carries impulses away from the cell body

A

axon

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4
Q

_______ contains the nucleus of the neuron

A

cell body

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5
Q

_______ carries impulses toward the cell body

A

dendrites

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6
Q

the space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the cell body of the next neuron is called the…

A

synapse

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7
Q

in the PNS, the myelin is made by cells called…

A

schwann cells

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8
Q

in the CNS, the myelin sheath is made by cells called…

A

Oligodendrocytes

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9
Q

state the function of the myelin sheath…

A

provides insulation for neurons

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10
Q

the neurolemma permits ______ of damaged axons or dendrites in the PNS

A

regeneration

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11
Q

name the inactivator for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine…

A

cholinesterase

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12
Q

_______ carries impulses from receptors to the CNS

A

sensory/afferent neurons

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13
Q

_______ carries impulses from the CNS to effectors

A

motor/efferent neurons

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14
Q

neurons found entirely within the CNS…

A

interneurons

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15
Q

made of both sensory and motor neurons…

A

mixed nerve

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16
Q

a group of functionally related neurons within the CNS…

A

nerve tract

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17
Q

when a neuron is not carrying an impulse, its cell membrane has a _______ charge outside and a _______ charge inside…

A

positive charge outside and negative charge inside

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18
Q

state 2 functions of the spinal cord…

A

1) transmits impulses to and from the brain

2) center for spinal cord reflexes

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19
Q

the spinal cord is protected from mechanical injury by the _______

A

vertebrae

20
Q

the cell bodies of motor neurons and interneurons are located in the _______

A

gray matter

21
Q

the cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the _______

A

dorsal root ganglion

22
Q

the dorsal root is also known as the _______

A

sensory root bc it is made of sensory neurons

23
Q

the ventral root is also known as the _______

A

motor root bc it is made of motor neurons

24
Q

the ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord are located in the _______

A

white matter

25
Q

cerebrospinal fluid is found within the _______

A

central canal

26
Q

there are how many pairs of cervical spinal nerves…

A

8

27
Q

there are how many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves…

A

12

28
Q

there are how many pairs of lumbar spinal nerves…

A

5

29
Q

there are how many pairs of sacral spinal nerves…

A

5

30
Q

there are how many pairs of coccygeal spinal nerves…

A

1

31
Q

which spinal nerves supplies the trunk of the body…

A

thoracic

32
Q

which spinal nerves supplies the hips, legs, and pelvic cavity…

A

lumbar and sacral

33
Q

which spinal nerves supplies the neck, shoulders, arms, and the diaphragm

A

cervical

34
Q

the meninges consist of how many layers of connective tissue…

A

3

35
Q

the outermost of the meninges is called…

A

dura mater… it lines the skull and vertebral canal

36
Q

the middle layer of the meninges is called…

A

arachnoid membrane

37
Q

the innermost layer of the meninges is called…

A

pia mater… it’s on the surface of the spinal cord and Brian

38
Q

state the 2 functions of cerebrospinal fluid…

A

1) bring nutrients to CNS neurons

2) cushion for the CNS

39
Q

the _______ division of the ANS dominates in stressful situations

A

sympathetic

40
Q

the _______ division of the ANS dominates in relaxed situations

A

parasympathetic

41
Q

involuntary response to a stimulus…

A

reflex

42
Q

_______ nervous system consists of motor neurons to visceral effectors

A

autonomic

43
Q

depolarization followed by repolarization is called…

A

action potential

44
Q

_______ is internal, shaped like an H, and made of cell bodies

A

gray matter

45
Q

_______ is external, and made of myelinated axons and dendrites

A

white matter

46
Q

the cerebellum helps maintain equilibrium by working with which other part of the brain?

A

midbrain

Structure & Function (5 decks)

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