Chapter 8 Flashcards
the central nervous system (CNS) consists of the…
brain and spinal cord
the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the…
cranial nerves and spinal nerves
_______ carries impulses away from the cell body
axon
_______ contains the nucleus of the neuron
cell body
_______ carries impulses toward the cell body
dendrites
the space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the cell body of the next neuron is called the…
synapse
in the PNS, the myelin is made by cells called…
schwann cells
in the CNS, the myelin sheath is made by cells called…
Oligodendrocytes
state the function of the myelin sheath…
provides insulation for neurons
the neurolemma permits ______ of damaged axons or dendrites in the PNS
regeneration
name the inactivator for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine…
cholinesterase
_______ carries impulses from receptors to the CNS
sensory/afferent neurons
_______ carries impulses from the CNS to effectors
motor/efferent neurons
neurons found entirely within the CNS…
interneurons
made of both sensory and motor neurons…
mixed nerve
a group of functionally related neurons within the CNS…
nerve tract
when a neuron is not carrying an impulse, its cell membrane has a _______ charge outside and a _______ charge inside…
positive charge outside and negative charge inside
state 2 functions of the spinal cord…
1) transmits impulses to and from the brain
2) center for spinal cord reflexes
the spinal cord is protected from mechanical injury by the _______
vertebrae
the cell bodies of motor neurons and interneurons are located in the _______
gray matter
the cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the _______
dorsal root ganglion
the dorsal root is also known as the _______
sensory root bc it is made of sensory neurons
the ventral root is also known as the _______
motor root bc it is made of motor neurons
the ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord are located in the _______
white matter
cerebrospinal fluid is found within the _______
central canal
there are how many pairs of cervical spinal nerves…
8
there are how many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves…
12
there are how many pairs of lumbar spinal nerves…
5
there are how many pairs of sacral spinal nerves…
5
there are how many pairs of coccygeal spinal nerves…
1
which spinal nerves supplies the trunk of the body…
thoracic
which spinal nerves supplies the hips, legs, and pelvic cavity…
lumbar and sacral
which spinal nerves supplies the neck, shoulders, arms, and the diaphragm
cervical
the meninges consist of how many layers of connective tissue…
3
the outermost of the meninges is called…
dura mater… it lines the skull and vertebral canal
the middle layer of the meninges is called…
arachnoid membrane
the innermost layer of the meninges is called…
pia mater… it’s on the surface of the spinal cord and Brian
state the 2 functions of cerebrospinal fluid…
1) bring nutrients to CNS neurons
2) cushion for the CNS
the _______ division of the ANS dominates in stressful situations
sympathetic
the _______ division of the ANS dominates in relaxed situations
parasympathetic
involuntary response to a stimulus…
reflex
_______ nervous system consists of motor neurons to visceral effectors
autonomic
depolarization followed by repolarization is called…
action potential
_______ is internal, shaped like an H, and made of cell bodies
gray matter
_______ is external, and made of myelinated axons and dendrites
white matter
the cerebellum helps maintain equilibrium by working with which other part of the brain?
midbrain
