Chapter 15- Flashcards
the upper respiratory tract includes all of these except the:
A- nasal cavities
B- larynx
C- primary bronchi
D- nasopharynx
C- primary bronchi
during swallowing, the larynx is covered by the:
A- soft palate
B- epiglottis
C- vocal cords
D- thyroid cartilage
B- epiglottis
during swallowing, the nasopharynx is covered by the:
A- hard palate
B- oropharynx
C- epiglottis
D- soft palate
D- soft palate
the trachea is kept open by which tissue?
A- fibrous connective tissue
B- cartilage
C- ciliated epithelium
D- elastic connective tissue
B- cartilage
in the nasal cavities and trachea, mucus and pathogens are swept to the pharynx by:
A- ciliated epithelium
B- simple squamous epithelium
C- cartilage
D- elastic connective tissue
A- ciliated epithelium
the part of the pharynx that is a passageway for air only is the:
A- nasopharynx
B- oropharynx
C- laryngopharynx
D- tracheopharynx
A- nasopharynx
inhaled air passes from the trachea to the:
A- primary bronchi
B- larynx
C- pharynx
D- secondary bronchi
A- primary bronchi
cartilage supports and keeps open all of these structures except the:
A- secondary bronchi
B- bronchioles
C- primary bronchi
D- larynx
B- bronchioles
the serous fluid between the pleural membranes keeps the membranes together and:
A- exchanges gases
B- creates friction
C- destroys pathogens
D- prevents friction
D- prevents friction
the primary bronchi and the pulomonary blood vessels enter the lung at the:
A- apex
B- hilus on the lateral side
C- hilus on the medial side
D- base
C- hilus on the medial side
the tissue fluid that lines the alveoli is important to:
A- prevent diffusion of gases
B- prevent friction
C- trap pathogens
D- permit diffusion of gases
D- permit diffusion of gases
within the alveoli, surface tension is decreased and inflation is possible because of the presence of:
A- tissue fluid
B- pulmonary blood
C- pulmonary surfactant
D- mucus
C- pulmonary surfactant
the respiratory centers in the brain are located in the:
A- pons and cerebral
B- medulla and cerebral cortex
C- hypothalamus and pons
D- medulla and pons
D- medulla and pons
during inhalation, the thoracic cavity is enlarged from top to bottom by contraction of the:
A- external intercostal muscles, which move down
B- diaphragm, which moves up
C- diaphragm, which moves down
D- internal intercostal muscles, which move up
C- diaphragm intercostal muscles, which move up
intrapulmonic pressure is the air pressure within the:
A- bronchial tree and alveoli
B- intrapleural space
C- mouth and nose
D- rib cage and diaphragm
A- bronchial tree and alveoli
in the alveoli, the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide are:
A- low Po2 and high Pco2
B- high Po2 and low Pco2
C- high Po2 and high Pco2
D- low Po2 and low Pco2
B- high Po2 and low Pco2
irritants on the mucosa of the larynx are removed by:
A- a deep breath
B- yawning
C- the sneeze reflex
D- the cough reflex
D- the cough reflex
most oxygen is transported in the blood:
A- on RBC membranes
B- in blood plasma as free oxygen
C- bonded to hemoglobin in RBC’s
D- bonded to hemoglobin on blood plasma
C- bonded to hemoglobin in RBC’s
most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood:
A- as hydrogen ions in the RBC’s
B- as bicarbonate ions in the plasma
C- as CO2 in the plasma
D- as part of the hemoglobin in RBC’s
B- as bicarbonate ions in the plasma
internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the:
A- systemic capillaries and body tissues
B- pulmonary capillaries and alveoli
C- alveoli and systemic capillaries
D- pulmonary capillaries and body tissues
A- systemic capillaries and body tissues
the factors that increase the release of oxygen from the hemoglobin in systemic capillaries include all of these except:
A- high temperature
B- low Po2
C- high Po2
D- low temperature
the air that remains in the lungs after the most forceful exhalation is called:
A- vital capacity
B- tidal volume
C- residual air
D- leftover expiration
C- residual air
the gas that is the most important chemical regulator of respiration is:
A- O2, bc if present in excess it lowers the pH of body fluids
B- CO2, bc if present in excess it lowers the pH of body fluids
C- O2, bc if present in excess it raises the pH of body fluids
D- CO2, bc if present in excess it raises the pH of body fluids
B- CO2, bc if present in excess it lowers the pH of body fluids
the receptors that detect a decrease in the oxygen level of the blood are located in the:
A- carotid and aortic bodies
B- medulla
C- pulmonary artery
D- hypothalamus
A- carotid and aortic bodies
if pneumonia decreases the exchange of gases in the lungs, the resulting pH imbalance is called:
A- metabolic acidosis
B- metabolic alkalosis
C- respiratory acidosis
D- respiratory alkalosis
C- respiratory acidosis
the nasal mucosa has all of these functions except:
A- warming incoming air
B- moistening incoming air
C- increasing the oxygen content of the air
D- sweeping mucus and pathogens to the pharynx
C- increasing the oxygen content of the air
all of these will increase physiological dead space except:
A- fractured ribs
B- asthma
C- stuffed up sinuses
D- tuberculosis
C- stuffed up sinuses
anatomical dead space includes all of these except:
A- bronchioles
B- larynx
C- potential pleural space
D- nasal cavities
C- potential pleural space
the expansibility of the lungs and chest wall is called the:
A- stretchiness
B- inflation potential
C- inhalation potential
D- compliance
D- compliance
to compensate for metabolic acidosis, respirations will:
A- increase to exhale more CO2
B- decrease to exhale more CO2
C- increase to retain more CO2
D- decrease to retain more CO2
A- increase to exhale more CO2
