Chapter 8-10 Flashcards
What are Talus Slopes the result of?
Mechanical Weathering
What are rock products of weathering?
Quartz, Feldspar, Amphibole,Olivine
What does the A horizon consist of?
Organic and Rich Soil
What does the E horizon consist of?
mineral Accumulation
What is Spherodical weathering?
Rock Decay that turns the rocks more spherical
What does the B horizon consist of?
clay and other materials washed down from horizon A
What does the C horizon consist of?
Weathered Bedrock
what does the bottom level of soil composition consist of?
parents material and bedrock
earth flow
When earth material moves down a hillside as a fluid like mass from heavy rain fall. Often has a ripple effect.
What are talus slopes the result of
Mechanical Weathering
What type of water is acidic
ground water
What can break up limestone
hyrochloric acid
What is an example of foliation and weathering
Yosemite, which is a giant batholith
What type of weathering is a result of tree sap
Chemical Weathering
What does the O horizon consist of?
DUFF
slump
A type of mass movement that occurs when a mass of material moves down a curved slope. Can develop from slope and can develop onto a landslide the more it lubricates
lahar
volcanic mudflow
debris flow
from over saturation of land. Made of clay material and can be very violent like a flood.
Rockslide
occurs when a mass of rock slides rapidly downslope along planes of weakness
fast mass wasting
gravity-induced downslope movement of Earth material that people can witness directly
What is the main feature of a Slump
the slip face
What forms from earth flows
ridges or ripples
How to fix soil creeps
installing retaining walls
What are the three types Erosion
Wind, water, ice
What is the most destructive type of erosion
water
What are ways that rivers are ranked
Drainage area and discharge
What generates all water on earth
the water cycle
whats the water cycle
evaporation, condensation, precipitation, run off (accumulation)
How much water on Earth is freshwater?
4%
How much water on Earth is Saltwater?
96%
two types of stream development
erosion and deposition
suspended load (lowest)
silt
suspended load (2nd lowest)
clay
suspended load (2nd Highest)
sand
suspended load (highest)
gravels
suspended load
the fine sediment carried within the body of flowing water
bedrock stream consists of
cobbles, gravels, boulders
Where does the bedrock stream often start
highland areas
where are all rivers try to go
sea level/ base level. In the process, little rivers all come together to one rive
where do rivers recharge
mountains, hills, or areas of high elevation
Aquifers
a body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater.
what are the two types of aquifers
confined and unconfined
what type of aquifers are typical of river floodplains
unconfined
What happens to sinkholes as the earth continues to sink?
the earth aboves slowly starts to cave in
Karst landscape
A landscape that is characterized by numerous caves, sinkholes, fissures, and underground streams
What happens to a Karst Topography as the stream cuts through it?
the water table lowers
What are Karst Towers.
A type of land that goes unaffected by erosion leaving large tower like structures
The principle of Superposition
Older rocks are on the bottom and younger ones are at the top
what is the basis for relative and absolute dating
the principle of superposition
What does a rocks thickness help determine
How old it is
What color indicates that there is a lot of iron in a rock
red
What is the youngest type of fossils
plants and seashells
Relative dating
fossils, faults, igneous intrusions
Absolute Dating
atmoic considerations and the half-life of radioactive elements
What does Uranium 238 decay into
Lead 206
What is the half life of Uranium 238
4.5 billion years
What does Uranium 235 turn into
lead 207
What is the half life of Uranium 235
713 million years
What does Thorium 232 decay into
lead 208
what is the half life of Thorium 232
14.1 billion years
What does rubidium 87 decay into
stronium 87
what is the half life of rubidium 87
46 billion years
whats does potassium 40 decay into
Argon 40
what is the half life of potassium 40
1.3 billion years
What is the earliest stage in geological time e
Precambrian
where did life on earth start
mid-ocean ridges
what most likely brought proteins to earth
asteroids
What percentage of the early atmosphere contained oxygen
2%
characteristics of prokaryotes
has no nucleus, has DNA, has flagellum
Eubacteria
does not need xygen
What is the origin of Eukaryotes
it starts as a prokaryote with no nucleus, but as bacteria comes in, it turns into a Eukaryote
What are the two types of Eukaryotes
Plants and Animals
What are the two types of Eukaryotes
Plants and Animals
What era brought an explosion of life
Cambrian
What was the first animal called
pikaia
the first cambrian fossil was that
trilobite
what is our state fossil
crinoid
how many extinctions occured in history
5
what saw the start of plant life
silurian
gymnosperms
non flowering plants with uncased seeds
Angiosperms
flowering plants with enclosed seeds
What is the defining factor of the Devonian era
fish. lots of fish
what did fish originally have that they don’t have now
bones
how did fish start coming onto land
fins started to develop into feet
what is the causes of most extinctions
volcanoes
what was Missouri like in Mississippian times
shallow water all throughout the state and center of continent
