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Earth Science > Chapter 8-10 > Flashcards

Chapter 8-10 Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

What are Talus Slopes the result of?

A

Mechanical Weathering

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2
Q

What are rock products of weathering?

A

Quartz, Feldspar, Amphibole,Olivine

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3
Q

What does the A horizon consist of?

A

Organic and Rich Soil

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4
Q

What does the E horizon consist of?

A

mineral Accumulation

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5
Q

What is Spherodical weathering?

A

Rock Decay that turns the rocks more spherical

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6
Q

What does the B horizon consist of?

A

clay and other materials washed down from horizon A

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7
Q

What does the C horizon consist of?

A

Weathered Bedrock

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8
Q

what does the bottom level of soil composition consist of?

A

parents material and bedrock

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9
Q

earth flow

A

When earth material moves down a hillside as a fluid like mass from heavy rain fall. Often has a ripple effect.

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10
Q

What are talus slopes the result of

A

Mechanical Weathering

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11
Q

What type of water is acidic

A

ground water

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12
Q

What can break up limestone

A

hyrochloric acid

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13
Q

What is an example of foliation and weathering

A

Yosemite, which is a giant batholith

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14
Q

What type of weathering is a result of tree sap

A

Chemical Weathering

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15
Q

What does the O horizon consist of?

A

DUFF

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16
Q

slump

A

A type of mass movement that occurs when a mass of material moves down a curved slope. Can develop from slope and can develop onto a landslide the more it lubricates

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17
Q

lahar

A

volcanic mudflow

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18
Q

debris flow

A

from over saturation of land. Made of clay material and can be very violent like a flood.

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19
Q

Rockslide

A

occurs when a mass of rock slides rapidly downslope along planes of weakness

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20
Q

fast mass wasting

A

gravity-induced downslope movement of Earth material that people can witness directly

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21
Q

What is the main feature of a Slump

A

the slip face

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22
Q

What forms from earth flows

A

ridges or ripples

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23
Q

How to fix soil creeps

A

installing retaining walls

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24
Q

What are the three types Erosion

A

Wind, water, ice

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25
What is the most destructive type of erosion
water
26
What are ways that rivers are ranked
Drainage area and discharge
27
What generates all water on earth
the water cycle
28
whats the water cycle
evaporation, condensation, precipitation, run off (accumulation)
29
How much water on Earth is freshwater?
4%
30
How much water on Earth is Saltwater?
96%
31
two types of stream development
erosion and deposition
32
suspended load (lowest)
silt
33
suspended load (2nd lowest)
clay
34
suspended load (2nd Highest)
sand
35
suspended load (highest)
gravels
36
suspended load
the fine sediment carried within the body of flowing water
37
bedrock stream consists of
cobbles, gravels, boulders
38
Where does the bedrock stream often start
highland areas
39
where are all rivers try to go
sea level/ base level. In the process, little rivers all come together to one rive
40
where do rivers recharge
mountains, hills, or areas of high elevation
41
Aquifers
a body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater.
42
what are the two types of aquifers
confined and unconfined
43
what type of aquifers are typical of river floodplains
unconfined
44
What happens to sinkholes as the earth continues to sink?
the earth aboves slowly starts to cave in
45
Karst landscape
A landscape that is characterized by numerous caves, sinkholes, fissures, and underground streams
46
What happens to a Karst Topography as the stream cuts through it?
the water table lowers
47
What are Karst Towers.
A type of land that goes unaffected by erosion leaving large tower like structures
48
The principle of Superposition
Older rocks are on the bottom and younger ones are at the top
49
what is the basis for relative and absolute dating
the principle of superposition
50
What does a rocks thickness help determine
How old it is
51
What color indicates that there is a lot of iron in a rock
red
52
What is the youngest type of fossils
plants and seashells
53
Relative dating
fossils, faults, igneous intrusions
54
Absolute Dating
atmoic considerations and the half-life of radioactive elements
55
What does Uranium 238 decay into
Lead 206
56
What is the half life of Uranium 238
4.5 billion years
57
What does Uranium 235 turn into
lead 207
58
What is the half life of Uranium 235
713 million years
59
What does Thorium 232 decay into
lead 208
60
what is the half life of Thorium 232
14.1 billion years
61
What does rubidium 87 decay into
stronium 87
62
what is the half life of rubidium 87
46 billion years
63
whats does potassium 40 decay into
Argon 40
64
what is the half life of potassium 40
1.3 billion years
65
What is the earliest stage in geological time e
Precambrian
66
where did life on earth start
mid-ocean ridges
67
what most likely brought proteins to earth
asteroids
68
What percentage of the early atmosphere contained oxygen
2%
69
characteristics of prokaryotes
has no nucleus, has DNA, has flagellum
70
Eubacteria
does not need xygen
71
What is the origin of Eukaryotes
it starts as a prokaryote with no nucleus, but as bacteria comes in, it turns into a Eukaryote
72
What are the two types of Eukaryotes
Plants and Animals
73
What are the two types of Eukaryotes
Plants and Animals
74
What era brought an explosion of life
Cambrian
75
What was the first animal called
pikaia
76
the first cambrian fossil was that
trilobite
77
what is our state fossil
crinoid
78
how many extinctions occured in history
5
79
what saw the start of plant life
silurian
80
gymnosperms
non flowering plants with uncased seeds
81
Angiosperms
flowering plants with enclosed seeds
82
What is the defining factor of the Devonian era
fish. lots of fish
83
what did fish originally have that they don't have now
bones
84
how did fish start coming onto land
fins started to develop into feet
85
what is the causes of most extinctions
volcanoes
86
what was Missouri like in Mississippian times
shallow water all throughout the state and center of continent

Earth Science (4 decks)

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