Chapter 7A North Africa/Southwest Asia Flashcards
Why might it be inappropriate to characterize the whole realm with one of the following terms: Dry World Arab World Islamic World Middle East
Dry World- Dominance of aridity-Also has Mediterranean climate, also Taiga in the mountains
Arab World-implies they are all Arab-they are not all and don’t speak Arabic
Islamic World-main religion but not all Muslim
Middle East-East of Europe but North of Africa
What are the major climatic patterns of the Middle East and North Africa?
Arid and Mediterranean
European colonization has had a lasting impact on this region. Discuss several of the effects of colonization that can still be seen today.
Many ended up with an Autocratic government.
They had to decide between US or USSR allies.
Religious Revivalism: Taliban rose as Islamic militia and we are still fighting them today.
What are the principle beliefs and milestones of the Jews, Christians, and Muslims?
Monotheistic=Believe in one god
All believe Abraham is the father of all three
Judiam is not proselytizing.
What are the five pillars?
Profession of faith (shahada)
Prayer five times daily toward Mecca (salat)
Almsgiving (zakat)
Fasting during Ramadan (sawm)
A pilgrimage to Mecca (Islam’s holiest city)(hajj)
What is the difference between Shiite and Sunni Islam?
Split over who should be Muhammad’s
Shiites wanted a blood relative of Muhammad or Ali.
Sunnis saw any devout follower as qualified.
Where is oil concentrated in this region?
Persian Gulf region, North Africa and around the Caspian Sea
Why is oil cheap to produce in this region?
It has a large lake of oil (oil bearing strata)under the grounds surface vs. us having smaller pockets and having to drill in multiple locations.
List some of the effects that oil productions has had on the realm.
Manifestation is urban modernization
Glass skyscrapers are engineering marvels.
Variable Incomes-fluctuating oil prices
Infrastructure
Industrialization-building industries that will outlast oil exports =manufacturing and high technology
Where is the majority of this Persian Gulf oil exported to?
Japan, China, Europe and Asian Tigers
What is OPEC? Why was it created?
OPEC stands for Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. European and US oil companies were coming in and drill and extract oil not paying them enough for the resources. OPEC was formed to control their resources and use them against us.
This realm has been and still is an area of many cultural conflicts. Why?
Foreign Workers vs. UAE the oil money stays with UAE
What are some of the divisive (centrifugal) forces in the realm?
Four major divisive forces:
- Sunni-Shiite Division; other religions & ethnics
- Muslim fundamentalism vs. Modernaization
- Repressive regimes failing Econmic progress
- territory and boundaries
List some of the recent and ongoing conflicts.
Libia and Syria are still in civil war today.
Syria conflict is between US and Russia
Know where the conflict occurred and who is or was fighting them.
Palestinian-Israeli-water conflicts
Israel and Syria -water conflicts
Arab-Israeli conflict-land, water, religious beliefs
Discuss the claims of Palestinians and Israelis to the lands of Israel and the Occupied territories.
Israel says that its The land that God gave them.
What are the Gaza strip, the West Bank and Golan Heights?
Gaza strip-small Palestinian territory, in conflict with Israel for land
West Bank- landlocked territory near the Mediterranean
Golan Height-part of Syria that Israelis occupy. kept peace between Syria and Israel.
How does the Gaza strip smuggle weapons into its territory?
Israeli Tunnels
Discuss the Camp David Accords. Who signed the 1979 accords?
1979 Land for Peace-Israel returns Sinai to Egypt and Egypt recognizes Israel as a sovereign state. President Carter brokered the deal. Egypt and Israel signed the deal.
Where are the largest number of Palestinians living outside of Israel and the Occupied territories located?
Jordan
What are the two major oil-rich skeikdoms of the United Arab Emirates?
Abu Dhabi and Dubai
Which city-state built whimsical islands to sale?
Dubai
Define the following: Sharia Law, tell, Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia, hajj, Maghreb?
Sharia Law-term means “way” or “path”; it is the legal framework within which the public and some private aspects of life are regulated for those living in a legal system based on Islam.
tell-
Fertile Crescent- region in the Middle East which curves, like a quarter-moon shape, from the Persian Gulf, through modern-day southern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and northern Egypt.
Mesopotamia-meaning ‘between two rivers’ Tigras and Euphrates
hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca
Maghreb-the Arabic name for the NW part of Africa
What is the significance of Shi’ites in Iran?
It is the only country with a majority Shi’ites.
