Chapter 71 - The Liver

Question 1

(Liver as a single unit)
Liver unit area where blood is drained from the portal vein and hepatic artery to the central vein (or hepatic vein)

Answer 1

classic hepatic lobule

Question 2

(Liver as a single unit)
Parts of the liver where bile from the hepatocytes are drained by a certain bile duct

Answer 2

portal lobule

Question 3

(Liver as a single unit)
Where amount of oxygenated blood is supplied from most to least (Zone 1,2,3)

Answer 3

portal acinus

Question 4

(1) Periportal hepatocytes
(2) Intermediate hepatocytes
(3) Pericentral hepatocytes

Answer 4

(1) Zone 1
(2) Zone 2
(3) Zone 3

Question 5

Function for:
(protein)
*amino acid catabolism
*Ureagenesis

(glucose)
*gluconeogenesis
*glycogen degradation

(fat)
*beta-oxidation of fatty acids
*cholesterol synthesis

*bile acid-dependent canalicular bile flow

Answer 5

Zone 1

Question 6

Function for:
(protein)
*Glutamine synthesis (AA anabolism)

(glucose)
*glycolysis
*glycogen synthesis from glucose

(fat)
*lipogenesis
*bile acid biosynthesis
*ketogenesis

*bile acid-independent canalicular bile flow
*Biotransformation of drugs

Answer 6

Zone 3

Question 7

Hepatocyte ion concentration (Na, K, Ca)

Answer 7

*Na low (Na-K pump)
*K High (Na-K pump)
*Ca low (Ca pump)

Question 8

Hepatocyte takes up glucose via facilitated diffusion through

Answer 8

GLUT 2

Question 9

Secretion of liver products (AA, bile acid, HCO3, and H) are transported out the cell via

Answer 9

Inward directed sodium gradient of Na-driven tranporter

Question 10

AA catabolism products that are ketogenic

Answer 10

acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA

Question 11

AA catabolism products that are glucogenic

Answer 11

pyruvate
oxaloacetate
fumarate
alpha-ketoglutarate
succinyl-CoA

Question 12

Clinically the most common liver disease that increases resistance to blood flow

Answer 12

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Question 13

Total average blood flow to the liver (27% of the resting cardiac output)

(1) blood flow from the portal vein
(2) blood flow from the hepatic artery

Answer 13

1350 ml/min

(1) 1050 ml
(2) 300 ml

Question 14

Pressure in the portal vein to the liver

Answer 14

9 mmHg

Question 15

Major steps in the hepatocyte process for endogenous and exogenous compounds

Answer 15

1. Hepatocyte import compound via basolateral membrane
2. Hepatocyte transport of material within the cell - chemical modification or compound degradation
3. Hepatocyte excrete bile across the apical (bile canalicular) membrane