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Nutrition Spring 2021 > Chapter 7: Weight Management > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Weight Management Flashcards

1
Q

BMI: over __ is overweight, and over __ is obese

A

25

30

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2
Q

Normal body fat for men:

A

10-25%

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3
Q

Normal body fat for women:

A

18-35%

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4
Q

Fat distribution waste:
for women?
for men?

A

women: >35”
men: >40”

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5
Q

1 pound of fat = ___ calories

A

3,500

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6
Q

Healthy weight falls between BMI of

A

18.5-24.9

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7
Q

BMI does not identify:

A

how much of weight is fat or where fat is located

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8
Q

8 reasons why we eat:

A
  • biological hunger
  • practical eating
  • taste hunger
  • emotional hunger
  • social eating
  • habit
  • availability
  • Dieter’s head
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9
Q

4 Factors influencing appropriateness of weight loss:

A
  • extent of overweight
  • age
  • health
  • genetics
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10
Q

Physiological changes that favor weight gain include:

A

fat cells, enzymes, hormones

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11
Q

Complications of Bulimia- from vomiting:

A
  • esophageal tears
  • swollen neck glands
  • electrolyte disturbances
  • damaged tooth enamel
  • hypoglycemia
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12
Q

Complications of Bulimia- from diuretics

A
  • dehydration

- electrolyte disturbance may lead to bone fractures or heart arrhythmia

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13
Q

Complications of Bulimia- from laxatives

A
  • cathartic colon
  • bloating
  • electrolyte disturbances
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14
Q

___ promotes fat storage in fat cells and muscle cells.

A

lipoprotein lipase

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15
Q

People with high LPL store more or less fat?

A

more

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16
Q

The obesity gene (ob gene) codes for the protein ___.

A

leptin

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17
Q

__ is a hormone primarily produced and secreted by fat cells in proportion to the amount of fat stored.

A

Leptin

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18
Q

A gain in body fatness stimulates the production of leptin, which by the way of the __, surpasses the appetite, increases energy expenditure, and produces fat loss.

A

hypothalamus

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19
Q

A loss in body fat __ the production of leptin.

A

surpresses

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20
Q

What is it called when your body proceeds enough leptin but it fails to respond to it?

A

leptin resistance

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21
Q

__ works in the opposite direction as leptin.

A

gherlin

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22
Q

__ is synthesized and secreted primarily by to stomach cells but signals the hypothalamus to stimulate appetite and food intake.

A

Gherlin

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23
Q

___ triggers the desire to eat.

A

gherlin

24
Q

Lean people have a ___ level of gherlin compared to obese people.

A

higher

25
Q

The amount of fat in adipose tissue reflects both the:

A

number and the size of the fat cells

26
Q

The ___ proposes that body weight, like body temperature, is physiologically regulated.

A

set-point theory

27
Q

What does the set-point theory suggest?

A

It suggests that somehow the body chooses a preferred weight and defends that weight by regulating eating behaviors and hormonal actions.

28
Q

After weight losses, the body __ metabolic rate.

A

decreases

29
Q

An __ __ includes all of the circumstances that people encounter daily that push them toward fatness. (all the factors around someone that promotes weight gain)

A

obesogenic environment

30
Q

___ __ is a term that describes the perception that large portions are the appropriate amounts to eat at a single sitting.

A

Portion distortion

31
Q

Reducing portion sizes is helpful, but the real calorie savings come from ____

A

lowering the energy density.

32
Q

Appropriate eating behavior is a response to ___.

A

hunger

33
Q

the physiological desire to eat; a learned motivation that is experienced as a pleasant sensation

A

appetite

34
Q

Hunger is ___, whereas appetite is ___

A
  • physiological

- psychological

35
Q

Prompts a person to stop eating.

A

satiation

36
Q

the feeling of fullness and satisfaction that occurs after a meal and inhibits eating until the next meal

A

satiety

37
Q

reminds us to not start eating again

A

satiety

38
Q

Obese people are often seen to eat less than lean people, but they are sometimes so extraordinarily inactive that they still manage to accumulate an __ __.

A

energy surplus

39
Q

urban and rural low-income areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food.

A

food deserts

40
Q

Are all natural herbs healthy?

A

no some contain toxins

41
Q

What is ephedra?

A

A weight loss herb that leads to effects such as cardiac arrest, abnormal heart beats, HTN, strokes, and seizures

42
Q

Do hot baths speed up metabolism?

A

No

43
Q

If people are using medications for weight loss, this treatment is ___

A

long term

44
Q

Drugs may be an option for people who are:

A
  • unable to achieve adequate weight loss with diet and exercise
  • have a BMI> or equal to 30
  • have no medical contraindications
45
Q

a BMI of 40 or greater describes:

A

clinically severe obesity

46
Q

Two surgical procedures for the clinically serve obese patients:

A
  • gastric bypass

- gastric banding

47
Q

surgery the restrict stomach size and reroutes food from the stomach to the lower part of thee small intestine

A

gastric bypass

48
Q

a surgical means of producing wright loss by restricting stomach size with a constricting band

A

gastric banding

49
Q

__ __ suppresses hunger by changing production of GI hormones.

A

gastric bypass

50
Q

Common immediate post surgical complications include :

A

infections, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration

51
Q

The _____ advise those who need to lose weight to “consume fewer kilocalories from foods and beverages, increase physical activity, and reduce time spent in sedentary behaviors”.

A

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

52
Q

The main characteristic of a weight-loss diet is that it provides:

A

less energy than the person needs to maintain present body weight

53
Q

The number of kcalories spent in an activity depends on:

A

body weight, intensity, and duration.

54
Q

The changing of behavior by the manipulation of antecedents, the behavior itself, and consequences

A

behavior modification

55
Q

___ hold the key to weight gain.

A

energy-dense foods

Nutrition Spring 2021 (4 decks)

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