Chapter 7: Vocabulary

Question 1

Arteriole

Answer 1

Small artery

Question 2

Calciferol

Answer 2

Active form of Vitamin D, secreted by the kidney

Question 3

Calyx or calix

Answer 3

Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis. The term comes from Greek, kalux meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bed.

Question 4

Catheter

Answer 4

Tube for injecting or removing fluids

Question 5

Cortex

Answer 5

Outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney.

Question 6

Creatinine

Answer 6

Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. Creatinine clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatinine from the blood

Question 7

Electrolyte

Answer 7

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves.

Question 8

Erythropoietin

Answer 8

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow.

Question 9

Filtration

Answer 9

Process whereby some substances, bot not all, pass through a filter.

Question 10

Glomerular capsule

Answer 10

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. The glomerular capsule is also known as Bowman’s capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.

Question 11

Glomerulus

Answer 11

Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney.

Question 12

Hilum

Answer 12

Depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. Hilum come from the Latin meaning a small thing. It is also used in the respiratory system to make the depression in the lung where blood vessels, bronchus, and lymphatic vessels enter and leave.

Question 13

Kidney

Answer 13

On of the two bean -shaped organs on either side of the backbone.

Question 14

Meatus

Answer 14

Opening or canal

Question 15

Medulla

Answer 15

Inner region of an organ.

Question 16

Nephron

Answer 16

Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where lit ration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney.

Question 17

Nitrogenous waste

Answer 17

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine.

Question 18

Potassium

Answer 18

Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood.

Question 19

Reabsorption

Answer 19

Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body, back into the blood stream.

Question 20

Renal artery

Answer 20

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart.

Question 21

Renal pelvis

Answer 21

Central collecting region in the kidney

Question 22

Renal tubule

Answer 22

Microscopic tuve in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.

Question 23

Renal vein

Answer 23

Blood vessel that carries blood away form the kidney and toward the heart.

Question 24

Renin

Answer 24

Hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction.

Question 25

Sodium

Answer 25

Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed fro proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions.

Question 26

Trigone

Answer 26

Triangular area in the urinary bladder.

Question 27

Urea

Answer 27

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.

Question 28

Ureter

Answer 28

One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Question 29

Urethra

Answer 29

Tuve leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 30

Uric acid

Answer 30

Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine.

Question 31

Urinary Bladder

Answer 31

Hollow, muscular sac that holds the stores of urine.

Question 32

Urination

Answer 32

Process of expelling urine; also called micturition.