Chapter 5: Vocabulary

Question 1

Absorption

Answer 1

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream.

Question 2

Amino Acids

Answer 2

Small building block of proteins (like links in a chain), release when proteins are digested

Question 3

Amylase

Answer 3

Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch.

Question 4

Appendix

Answer 4

Blind pouch hanging from the cecum.

Question 5

Bilirubine

Answer 5

Pigment released by the liver

Question 6

Cecum

Answer 6

First part of the large intestine

Question 7

Colon

Answer 7

Portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments.

Question 8

Common bile duct

Answer 8

Carries bile from the live and gallbladder to the duodenum, Also called the choledochus

Question 9

Deglutition

Answer 9

Swallowing

Question 10

Dentin

Answer 10

Primary material found in teeth. It is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root.

Question 11

Digestion

Answer 11

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms.

Question 12

Duodenum

Answer 12

First part of the small intestine.

Question 13

Elimination

Answer 13

Act of removal of materials from the body: in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces.

Question 14

Emulsification

Answer 14

Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface are that enzymes can use the digest the fat.

Question 15

Enamel

Answer 15

Hard outermost layer of a tooth.

Question 16

Enzyme

Answer 16

Chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes break down complex foods to simpler substances. Enzymes are given names that end in ase.

Question 17

Fatty acids

Answer 17

Substances produces when fats are digested. Fatty acids are a category of lipids.

Question 18

Feces

Answer 18

Solid wastes: stool.

Question 19

Glucose

Answer 19

Simple sugar

Question 20

Glycogen

Answer 20

Starch: glucose in stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells.

Question 21

Hydrochloric acid

Answer 21

Substance produced by the stomach: necessary for digestion of food.

Question 22

Ileum

Answer 22

Third part of the mall intestine: from the Greek word silos, meaning twisted.

Question 23

Insulin

Answer 23

Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar from the blood int cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver.

Question 24

Jejunum

Answer 24

Second part of the small intestine. The Latin jejunum means empty: this part of the intestine was always empty when a body was examined after death.

Question 25

Lipase

Answer 25

Panceratic enzyme necessary to digest fats.

Question 26

Lower esophageal

Answer 26

Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called cardiac sphincter.

Question 27

Papilae

Answer 27

Small elevations of the tongue. A papilla is a nipple-like elevation.

Question 28

Parotid gland

Answer 28

Salivary glad within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.

Question 29

Peristalsis

Answer 29

Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs.

Question 30

Pharynx

Answer 30

Throat, the common passageway for food frog the mouth and for air from the nose.

Question 31

Portal vein

Answer 31

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines.

Question 32

Protease

Answer 32

Enzyme the digests protein.

Question 33

Pulp

Answer 33

Sift tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.

Question 34

Pyloric Sphincter

Answer 34

Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum. From the greek pylorus, meaning gatekeeper.

Question 35

Rugae

Answer 35

Ridges on the hard palate of the wall of the stomach.

Question 36

Sigmoid colon

Answer 36

Fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum opening.

Question 37

Triglycerides

Answer 37

Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol. Subgroup of lipids.

Question 38

Uvula

Answer 38

Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate. The latin ova meaning bunch of grapes.

Question 39

Villi

Answer 39

Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the blood stream.