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science vocab > Chapter 7 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Fold in rocks that arches upward so older rocks are at the center

A

Anticline

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2
Q

Circular syncline that forms a depression in the ground

A

Basin

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3
Q

Stress that squeezes rocks together

A

Compression

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4
Q

Stress from the wright of material above buried rocks that does not allow the rocks to change shape

A

Confining stress

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5
Q

Change in the shape of rocks due to stress

A

Deformation

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6
Q

Fault in which the dip of the fault plan is inclined relative to the horizontal surface of earth

A

Dip-slip fault

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7
Q

Circular anticline that forms a mound on the ground

A

Dome

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8
Q

Fracture along which one side has moved relative to the other

A

Fault zone

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9
Q

Bend in rocks caused by compression

A

Fold

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10
Q

Block of rocks that is above a dip-slip fault plane

A

Hanging wall

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11
Q

Break in rocks along which there is no movement

A

Joint

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12
Q

Bend in rocks that causes them to be inclined relative to the horizontal

A

Monocline

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13
Q

Dip-slip fault in which the hanging wall drops down relative to the footwall

A

Normal fault

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14
Q

Dip-slip fault in which the hanging wall pushes up relative to the footwall

A

Reverse fault

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15
Q

Parallel stresses on rocks that push them past each other in opposite directions

A

Shear

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16
Q

Distance rocks move along a fault

A

Slip

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17
Q

Force per unit area on rocks

A

Stress

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18
Q

Fault in which the dip of the fault plane is vertical

A

Strike-slip fault

19
Q

Fold in rocks that bends downward so younger rocks are at the center

A

Syncline

20
Q

Stress that pulls rocks in opposite directions

A

Tension

21
Q

Reverse fault in which the dip of the fault plane is nearly horizontal

A

Thrust fault

22
Q

Height of a wave from the center to the top of a crest

A

Amplitude

23
Q

Type of seismic wave that travels through earths interior; either a p or s wave

A

Body wave

24
Q

Highest point of a wave

A

Crest

25
Q

Ground movement caused by the sudden release of energy stored in rocks

A

Earthquake

26
Q

Theory that earthquakes occur when rocks break and snap back to the original position after being deformed elastically until they cannot deform any more

A

Elastic rebound theory

27
Q

Point on the surface directly above the focus of an earthquake

A

Epicenter

28
Q

Point beneath the surface where rocks break and start an earthquake

A

Focus

29
Q

Type of seismic wave that travels over the surface and has a side-to-side motion

A

Love wave

30
Q

Type of seismic wave that travels over the surface and has an up-and-down motion

A

Rayleigh wave

31
Q

Type of seismic wave that travels through earth and arrives first at a seismometer

A

Primary wave

32
Q

Type of seismic wave that travels through earth and arrives second at a seismometer

A

Secondary wave

33
Q

Type of seismic wave that travels along the surface of the ground; either a love wave or Rayleigh wave

A

Surface wave

34
Q

Lowest point of a wave

A

Trough

35
Q

Large water wave caused by any shock to ocean water, such as an earthquake, meteorite impact, landslide, or nuclear explosion

A

Tsunami

36
Q

Horizontal distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves

A

Wavelength

37
Q

Scale of earthquake intensity based on what people feel and the extent of damage caused by earthquake

A

Mercalli intensity scale

38
Q

Scale of earthquake magnitude based on the total amount of energy released by an earthquake

A

Moment magnitude scale

39
Q

Scale of earthquake magnitude based on the amplitude of the largest seismic wave produced by an earthquake

A

Richter magnitude scale

40
Q

Paper record of seismic activity produced by a seismograph

A

Seismogram

41
Q

Older type of device that measures and records seismic waves using a suspended, weighted pen the wires on a drum of paper that moves with ground

A

Seismograph

42
Q

Modern device that uses electronic motion detectors to measure and record seismic waves and other ground motions

A

Seismometer

43
Q

For soil to become saturated with water and behave like quicksand

A

Liquefy

science vocab (11 decks)

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