Chapter 8 Vocab Flashcards
Crack in the crust at a divergent plate boundary where magma may erupt
Fissure
Place where a plume of hot molten rock rises through the mantle and may cause volcanoes
Hot spot
Column of hot molten rock that rises through the mantle
Mantle plume
Volcano that is currently erupting of showing signs that it will erupt soon
Active volcano
Volcano that is not currently erupting but has erupted in recorded history and may erupt again
Dormant volcano
Release of lave, tephra, and gases from a volcano
Eruption
Violent eruption of rock, lava, ash, and large amounts of gas from a volcano
Explosive eruption
Volcano that has has not erupted in recorded history and is unlikely to erupt again
Extinct volcano
Region in the crust below a volcano where magma and gasses collect
Magma chamber
Hot volcano rock fragments thrown into the air by an explosive volcanic eruption
Pyroclast
Large, circular hole formed when the top of a volcano collapses after an eruption empties the magma chamber
Caldera
Small volcano composed of rock fragments piled on top of one another
Cinder cone
Tall, cone-shaped volcano with steeply sloping sides that is composed of alternating layers of ash and lava
Composite volcano
Broad-based, shield-shaped volcano with gently sloping sides that is composed of almost entirely of lava
Shield volcano
Layers of sediments or of lava and ash deposited by a volcano
Strata
Massive volcano that can produce rare but enormous eruptions
Super volcano
Fountain of hot groundwater and steam that erupts under pressure onto the surface
Geyser
Place where hot water bubbles or flows continuously out of the ground
Hot spring
Igneous rock mass that forms when magma cools under the ground
Intrusion
Dome-shaped landform of igneous rock that forms when thick lava cools near the vent of a volcano
Lava dome
Large, flat landform of igneous rock that forms when large amounts of thin lava flow quickly over the ground
Lava plateau
