Chapter 7 Vertebral column and Thorax Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the overall function of the vertebral column?
-provide vertical support
-support the weight of the head
-maintain an upright body position
-House spinal cords and nerves
What is the structure of a typical vertebra?
-Spinous process
-Transverse process
-Superior articular facet
-Lamina
-Pedicle
-Superior articular process
-vertebral foramen
-Body
-Inferior articular process
-Intervertebral disc
What is the Atlas?
Cervical vertebra #1
Atlas function?
Articulates with occipital condyles to form Atlanta-occipital join
Movement= Nodding yes
What is the Axis?
Cervical vertebra #2
Axis function?
Articulates with atlas to form atlanto-axial joint
Movement= shaking head no
What are the structural differences between the atlas and the axis?
Atlas is a bony ring with no body
Axis is a peg-like process with a body and structure called Dens (acts as pivot and secures C1 to C2)
What are the structural differences and similarities between C3-C7, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?
Similarities: All 3 have a body, Articular facets, transverse processes, spinous process
Differences:
Size
-Cervical: Small
-Thoracic: medium
-Lumbar: largest
Thoracic is only vertebrae with costal facets
The cervical is only vertebra with transverse foramina
Size of transverse process varies
What muscles make up the anterior group of neck muscles?
Sternocleidomastoid
and Scalene
Origin and insertion of SCM
O: Manubrium of the sternum and clavicle
I: Mastoid process of temporal bone and nuchal line of occipital bone
Origin and Insertion of Scalene
O: Transverse process of ribs 2-7
I: Ribs 1-2
What is the circle of Willis (arterial)?
Arteries form circle around sella turcica (pituitary)
What forms the circle of willis?
-Posterior and anterior cerebral arteries
-Posterior and anterior communicating arteries
-Internal carotid arteries
Arterial blood flow TO the circle of Willis?
- Subclavian
- Vertebral
- Basilar
- Anterior and posterior cerebral arteries
- Anterior and posterior communicating arteries (Circle of Willis)
What is the overall function of the thoracic cage?
-Protect heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus and some thoracic organs
-provide upper limb support
-Role in breathing
What is the structure of the sternum?
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid Process
What is the Sternum’s function?
Protect thoracic organs
-attachment site for muscles and ribs
what are the types of ribs?
True
False
Floating
How many true ribs and what are they?
7
ribs 1-7
directly attach to sternum
How many false ribs what are they?
3
ribs 8-10
indirect attachment to sternum
How many floating ribs and what are they?
2
ribs 11-12
no attachment to sternum
How many TOTAL false ribs?
5
ribs 8-12
What is the structure of a typical rib?
crest, head, neck, tubercle, angle, superior and inferior articular facets (for vertebral bodies), articular facet for transverse process, costal groove, shaft, junction with costal cartilage
What is the function of a typical rib?
-Protection, support and respiration, muscle attachment
