Chapter 7 Vertebral column and Thorax

Question 1

What is the overall function of the vertebral column?

Answer 1

-provide vertical support
-support the weight of the head
-maintain an upright body position
-House spinal cords and nerves

Question 2

What is the structure of a typical vertebra?

Answer 2

-Spinous process
-Transverse process
-Superior articular facet
-Lamina
-Pedicle
-Superior articular process
-vertebral foramen
-Body
-Inferior articular process
-Intervertebral disc

Question 3

What is the Atlas?

Answer 3

Cervical vertebra #1

Question 4

Atlas function?

Answer 4

Articulates with occipital condyles to form Atlanta-occipital join
Movement= Nodding yes

Question 5

What is the Axis?

Answer 5

Cervical vertebra #2

Question 6

Axis function?

Answer 6

Articulates with atlas to form atlanto-axial joint
Movement= shaking head no

Question 7

What are the structural differences between the atlas and the axis?

Answer 7

Atlas is a bony ring with no body

Axis is a peg-like process with a body and structure called Dens (acts as pivot and secures C1 to C2)

Question 8

What are the structural differences and similarities between C3-C7, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 8

Similarities: All 3 have a body, Articular facets, transverse processes, spinous process

Differences:
Size
-Cervical: Small
-Thoracic: medium
-Lumbar: largest
Thoracic is only vertebrae with costal facets
The cervical is only vertebra with transverse foramina
Size of transverse process varies

Question 9

What muscles make up the anterior group of neck muscles?

Answer 9

Sternocleidomastoid
and Scalene

Question 10

Origin and insertion of SCM

Answer 10

O: Manubrium of the sternum and clavicle
I: Mastoid process of temporal bone and nuchal line of occipital bone

Question 11

Origin and Insertion of Scalene

Answer 11

O: Transverse process of ribs 2-7
I: Ribs 1-2

Question 12

What is the circle of Willis (arterial)?

Answer 12

Arteries form circle around sella turcica (pituitary)

Question 13

What forms the circle of willis?

Answer 13

-Posterior and anterior cerebral arteries
-Posterior and anterior communicating arteries
-Internal carotid arteries

Question 14

Arterial blood flow TO the circle of Willis?

Answer 14

1. Subclavian
2. Vertebral
3. Basilar
4. Anterior and posterior cerebral arteries
5. Anterior and posterior communicating arteries (Circle of Willis)

Question 15

What is the overall function of the thoracic cage?

Answer 15

-Protect heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus and some thoracic organs
-provide upper limb support
-Role in breathing

Question 16

What is the structure of the sternum?

Answer 16

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid Process

Question 17

What is the Sternum’s function?

Answer 17

Protect thoracic organs
-attachment site for muscles and ribs

Question 18

what are the types of ribs?

Answer 18

True
False
Floating

Question 19

How many true ribs and what are they?

Answer 19

7
ribs 1-7
directly attach to sternum

Question 20

How many false ribs what are they?

Answer 20

3
ribs 8-10
indirect attachment to sternum

Question 21

How many floating ribs and what are they?

Answer 21

2
ribs 11-12
no attachment to sternum

Question 22

How many TOTAL false ribs?

Answer 22

5
ribs 8-12

Question 23

What is the structure of a typical rib?

Answer 23

crest, head, neck, tubercle, angle, superior and inferior articular facets (for vertebral bodies), articular facet for transverse process, costal groove, shaft, junction with costal cartilage

Question 24

What is the function of a typical rib?

Answer 24

-Protection, support and respiration, muscle attachment

Question 25

Where is the cervical plexus located?

Answer 25

Neck, C1-C4

Question 26

Nerves originating from cervical plexus?

Answer 26

Ansa cervicalis
Phrenic nerve
Segmental branch

Question 27

What does the Ansa cervicalis innervate?

Answer 27

infrahyoid and geniohyoid muscles

Question 28

What doe sthe phrenic nerve innervate?

Answer 28

Diaphram

Question 29

What does the segmental branch innervate?

Answer 29

Deep muscles of the neck
-Levator scapulae and Scalene muscles