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Anatomy midterm #3 > Chapter 19 Special Senses > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure responsible for olfaction?

A

Nose/nasal cavity
-Olfactory epithelium

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2
Q

What is the structure responsible for gustation?

A

Tongue

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3
Q

What is the function of the olfactory epithelium?

A

Sense smells and send signal to brain

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4
Q

What is the function of the toungue?

A

Sense tastes

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5
Q

What is the receptor for olfaction and its function?

A

Olfactory receptor cell
detect odour

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6
Q

What is the structure of the Olfactory receptor cell?

A

Supporting cells: Support/Nourish receptor
Basal cells: Replace worn-out cells
Bowman’s gland: produce mucous and dissolve odorant molecules

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7
Q

What is the receptor for Gustation and its function?

A

Taste buds
Detect five different tastes
-sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami

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8
Q

What is the structure of the taste bud?

A

Supporting cell: support/nourish receptor
Basal cell: replace worn-out cells
Taste pore
Gustatory microvilli

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9
Q

What is papillae?

A

elevations on the tongue housing taste buds

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10
Q

How many types of papillae are there, and their names?

A

4 total

  1. Filiform
  2. Fungiform
  3. Vallate (circular)
  4. Foliate
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11
Q

What is filiform papillae?

A

Don’t have any taste buds.
Contain tactile receptors
Function: Increase friction

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12
Q

What is Fungiform papillae?

A

5 taste buds in each
-Over entire surface
-Mushroom shaped

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13
Q

What is Vallate papillae?

A

100-300 taste buds in each
Form inverted V at back of tongue

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14
Q

What is Foliate papillae?

A

Depart in early childhood
lateral margins

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15
Q

What are the 7 accessory eye structures?

A
  1. Eyebrows
  2. Eyelashes
  3. Eyelids
  4. Tarsal glands
  5. Palpebral fissure
  6. Palpebral commissures
  7. Lacrimal Caruncle
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16
Q

What are the eyebrows function and structure?

A

Prevent sweat from dripping into eye
Hairs along superior orbital ridge

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17
Q

What are the eyelashes function and structure?

A

Prevent large objects from entering the eye
hairs on margins of eyelids

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18
Q

What are the eyelids function and structure?

A

protect eye
Movable anterior coverings for eye

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19
Q

What are the Tarsal glands function and structure?

A

Secrete substance that prevents tears from overflowing or sticking eyelids together
Sabecous glands in the eyelids

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20
Q

What are the Palpebral fissure functions and structure?

A

Protection
Space between eyelids

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21
Q

What is the palpebral commissures structure?

A

Lateral and medial corner of the eye

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22
Q

What are the Lacrimal caruncle function and structure?

A

Produce gritty solution
Medial pink bump containing ciliary glands

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23
Q

What are the 2 cavities of the eye and what do they contain?

A
  1. Anterior cavity
    -Aqueous humor (circulating)
  2. Posterior Cavity
    -Vitreous humor (permanent)
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24
Q

Aqueous humor circulation

A

Secreted by ciliary processes, enters posterior chamber, goes through pupil into the anterior chamber and excess is reabsorbed via scleral venous sinus.

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25
Q

What are the 3 layers/tunics of the eye?

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Vascular
  3. Inner layer
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26
Q

What structures belong to the Fibrous tunic?

A

Sclera
Cornea
Scleral venous sinus

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27
Q

Sclera function:

A

-Support/protect eye
-maintain shape
-muscle attachment area

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28
Q

Cornea function:

A

-directs light rays

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29
Q

Scleral venous sinus function:

A

-Drains excess aqueous humor

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30
Q

What structures belong to the vascular tunic?

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
iris
Pupil
lens

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31
Q

Choroid function:

A

Has melanocytes

32
Q

Ciliary body function:

A

contains melanocytes
aqueous humor
suspensory ligaments attachment site

33
Q

Iris function:

A

Coloured part of eye, two smooth muscles
controls pupil

34
Q

Pupil function:

A

Regulates how much light enters eye

35
Q

Lens function:

A

Refraction
bends light rays

36
Q

What is the inner layer?

A

the retina

37
Q

What structures belong to the retina?

A

Macula lutea
Fovea centralis
Optic disc

38
Q

What is the fovea centralis?

A

Area of sharpest vision
Is located within the macula lutea
Concentrated are aof cones
NO RODS

39
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

The blind spot
no cones or rods
where ganglion cell axons exit to the optic nerve
where blood vessels enter/exit the retina

40
Q

What are the 2 layers of the retina?

A
  1. Pigmented layer
  2. Neural layer (sensory)
41
Q

What is the pigmented layer?

A

Has melanin
melanin absorbs stray ligth rays

42
Q

What 3 layers form the neural layer of the retina?

A
  1. Photoreceptor layer
  2. Bipolar layer
  3. Ganglion layer
43
Q

What is the Photoreceptor layer?

A

Outermost layer
contains rods and cones

44
Q

Rods VS Cones

A

Rods: Dim light, no colour, higher quantity,

Cones: Bright light, precise vision, colour, fovea centralis

45
Q

What is the Bipolar layer?

A

Bipolar cells synapse with photorecepotors and ganglion cells

Contains horizontal cells

46
Q

What are horizontal cells?

A

Between photoreceptors and bipolar cells

47
Q

What is the ganglion layer?

A

Inner most layer
Area where ganglionic axons leave
forms optic nerve

contains Amacrine cells

48
Q

What are amacrine cells?

A

Between bipolar cells and ganglion cells

49
Q

What are the 3 regions of the ear?

A

External, middle, inner

50
Q

What is the function of each region of the ear?

A

External: Collects sound waves
Middle: Transmits/amplyfies sound waves to oval window
Inner: Has receptors for hearing and equilibrium

51
Q

What structures make up the external ear?

A

Auricle/Pinna
External auditory canal
Ceruminous glands
Tympanic membrane

52
Q

What structures make up the middle ear?

A

Auditory ossicles
Tensor tympani muscle
Stapdius muscle
Auditory/eustachian tube

53
Q

What are the auditory ossicles?

A

-Small bones amplify sound waves`
Malleus
Incus
Stapes

54
Q

How do the auditory ossicles articulate with each other?

A

Head of malleus articulates with Incus

Incus articulates with stapes

Stapes footplate fits into oval window

55
Q

What is the inner ear divided into?

A

The bony part and the Inner membranous labyrinth

56
Q

What is the Inner membranous labyrinth?

A

-Section enclosed by the bony part
Consists of endolymph, which houses hearing and equilibrium receptors

57
Q

What 3 parts make up the bony part?

A
  1. Semicircular canals
  2. Vestibule (Utricle and saccule)
  3. Cochlea
58
Q

What is the primary function of the vestibular apparatus?

A

Vestibular apparatus = Semicircular canals and Vestibule
FUnction = Equilibrium

59
Q

What kind of equilibrium are the semicircular canals responsible for?

A

Dynamic/Rotational equilibrium
-Circular/Sudden movement

60
Q

What kind of equilibrium are the saccule and utricle responsible for?

A

Static/Linear equilibrium
Linear motion. relative to gravity, horizontal and vertical

61
Q

What structures make up the vestibule (Utricle and saccule)?

A

Macula
Olitiths
Otilithic membrane

62
Q

What is the macula?

A

Sense organ of the utricle and saccule
House receptors

63
Q

What structures make up the Semicircular canals?

A

Semicircular ducts:
3 ducts total each have
-Ampulla
-Crista
-Cupula

64
Q

What is the Crista ampullaris?

A

Part of semicircular canal that houses receptor cells (Hair cells)

65
Q

What are the 3 channels of the cochlea?

A
  1. Cochlear duct
  2. Scala Vestibuli
  3. Scala tympani
66
Q

What fluid is in the Cochlea?

A

Perilymph (Rest of inner ear is endolymph)

67
Q

What is the cochlear duct?

A

Houses the organ for hearing, the organ of corti/spiral organ

68
Q

What is the function of the spiral organ?

A

-Houses receptors and responsible for transduction

69
Q

What is the Spiral organ’s structure?

A

-vestibular membrane
-basilar membrane
-Sterocilia and kinocilium
-spiral ganglion
-tectorial membrane

70
Q

What cranial nerve is for olfaction?

A

CN I
Olcatory nerve

71
Q

What cranial nerve is for taste?

A

CN VII Facial
CN IX Glossopharyngeal
CN X Vagus

72
Q

What cranial nerve is for vision?

A

CN II Optic

73
Q

What cranial nerve is for hearing?

A

CN VIII Vestibulocochlear

74
Q

What part of the brain processes smell?

A

Temporal lobe

75
Q

What part of the brain processes taste?

A

Insula of the cerebral cortex

76
Q

What part of the brain processes vision?

A

Occipital lobe

77
Q

What part of the brain processes hearing?

A

Temporal lobe

Anatomy midterm #3 (6 decks)

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