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Anatomy midterm #3 > Chapter 22 Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Location of the Heart?

A

Located left of the midline posterior to sternum in the mediastinum

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2
Q

Characteristics of the heart?

A

4 chambered, 2 pumps side-by-side, center of the cardiovascular system. Blood flows unidirectional

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3
Q

Functions of the heart?

A

Pump blood to lungs
Deliver oxygenated blood to body
Generate blood pressure

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4
Q

What are the markings of the heart?

A

Sulci, make boundaries between 2 chambers

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5
Q

What are the 3 major sulci?

A
  1. Coronary sulcus
  2. Anterior interventricular sulcus
  3. Posterior interventricular sulcus
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6
Q

What boundary does the coronary sulcus make?

A

Boundary between superior atria and nferior ventricles

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7
Q

What boundary does the Anterior Interventricular sulcus make?

A

Boundary between Left and Right ventricles on the anterior side

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8
Q

What boundary does the posterior Interventricular sulcus make?

A

boundary between left and right ventricles on posterior side

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9
Q

What structures make up the Heart wall?

A

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium. Enclosed by pericardium

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10
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

Most superficial layer
Visceral layer of serous pericardium

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11
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

Middle layer
Made of cardiac muscle, thickest

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12
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

Deepest layer
Is the internal surface of the heart chambers

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13
Q

Gross anatomy of the heart

A

4 chambers
-2 atria
-2 ventricles
Aorta and vena cava

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14
Q

Internal anatomy of heart: Right atrium structures?

A

receives deoxygenated and superior vena cava
-coranary sinus
Contains:
pectinate muscles
Interatrial septum
Fossa ovalis
Tricuspid valve

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15
Q

Internal anatomy of heart: Right ventricle structures?

A

receives deoxygenated blood from RA
contains:
Trabeculae carnae
Chordae tendinae
papillary muscle
Septomarginal trabecula
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk/arteries

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16
Q

Internal anatomy of heart: Left atrium structures?

A

Receives oxygeneated blood from lungs/pulmonary veins
Contains: Bicuspid/Mitral valve

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17
Q

Internal anatomy of heart: Left ventricle structures?

A

Receives oxygenated blood from LA
Contains:
Conus Arteriosus
Trabeculae carnae
chordinae tendinae
aortic valve

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18
Q

What are the pectinate muscles?

A

Located in right atrium:
Internal smooth muscular ridges on atrial wall

19
Q

What is the fossa ovalis?

A

foramen ovale during fatal development

20
Q

What is trabeculae carnae?

A

in ventricles
Raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers

21
Q

What is chordinae tendinae?

A

In ventricles
Strands of collagen

22
Q

What is papillary muscle?

A

cone-shaped muscle projections

23
Q

What is the septomarginal trabecula?

A

Secures papillary muscle to interventricular septum

24
Q

differences between atria and ventricles?

A

ATRIA= thinner and generate less pressure
VENTRICLES= thicker and generate greater pressure

25
Q

What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart? (structure and function)

A

4 rings
Prevent valves overstretching, secure valves to heart wall, insertion points for cardiac muscle bundles and electrical insulation

26
Q

What are the 4 rings

A
  1. Pulmonary fibrous
  2. Aortic fibrous
  3. Right AV fibrous
  4. Left AV fibrous
27
Q

What are the functions of the valves in the heart?

A

Unidirectional blood flow
Prevent backflow

28
Q

What are the 2 types of valves?

A
  1. Atrioventricular
  2. Semilunar
29
Q

What are the two AV valves?

A
  1. Tricuspid (right)
    RA–>RV
  2. Bicuspid (left)
    LA–>LV
30
Q

What are the two semilunar valves?

A
  1. Pulmonary
    RV–>Pulomonary arteries
  2. Aortic
    LV–>Aorta
31
Q

What is the purpose of coronary circulation?

A

Supplies cardiac muscle (Myocardium) with oxygenated blood.

32
Q

Names of coronary arteries?

A

Right branch:
Right marginal artery
Posterior interventricular artery

Left branch:
Anterior interventricular artery
Circumflex artery

33
Q

What part of heart does the marginal artery supply blood to?

A

Right border of heart

34
Q

What part of the heart does the Posterior interventricular artery supply blood to?

A

Posterior surfaces of Left and Right ventricles

35
Q

What parts of the heart does the Anterior interventricular artery supply blood to?

A

Anterior surfaces of L/R ventricles
Interventricular septum

36
Q

What part of the heart does the Circumflex artery supply blood to?

A

left atrium and left ventricle

37
Q

What are the 3 major coronary VEINS?

A

Coronary sinus branches out into:
Great cardiac vein, Middle cardiac vein and Small cardiac vein

38
Q

What is the function of the conduction system?

A

Heart can create own rhythm
-Initiate pace of heart beat

39
Q

What cells are part of the contraction system?

A

Autorhythmic (less than 1%)
Contractile (99%)
Autorythmic sells send electrical impulses to contractile cells

40
Q

What are the components of the conduction system?

A

SA node
-Sinoatrial
Located in the rigth atrium
Pacemaker of the heart
AV node
-Atrioventricular
Located in interventricular septum
Works with Bundle of His and Purkinje fibers

41
Q

Conduction system sequence?

A
  1. SA node
    -generates impulse (pacemaker)
  2. AV node impulse conduction
  3. Bundle of His impulse conduction
  4. Purkinje fibers impulse conduction
42
Q

Function of AV node?

A

controls electrical impulses from atria to ventricles

43
Q

Bundle of His function?

A

assists in controlling the contraction of atria and ventricles

44
Q

Purkinje fibers function?

A

assists in controlling the contraction of ventricles

Anatomy midterm #3 (6 decks)

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