Chapter 7 Ventilation, Perfusion, and Shock: Understanding Pathophysiology Flashcards
Aerobic metabolism
The cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste.
Anaerobic metabolism
The cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste products.
Cardiac output
The amount of blood ejected from the hear in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume).
Chemoreceptors
Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Dead air space
Air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli.
Dehydration
An abnormally low amount of water in the body.
Diaphoresis
Cool, pale, and moist/sweaty skin; sweating.
Edema
Swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space.
Electrolyte
A substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charge particles.
FiO2
Fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe.
Hydrostatic pressure
The pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel.
Hypersensitivity
An exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance.
Hypo perfusion
Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition. Also called shock.
Metabolism
The cellular function of converting nutrients into energy
Minute volume
The amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the numbers of breaths per minute.
Patent
Open and clear; free from obstruction.
Pathophysiology
The study how disease processes affect the function of the body.
Perfusion
The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cell and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
Plasma oncotic pressure
The pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma proteins in the plasma portion of the blood that tend to pull water from the body into the bloodstream.
Stretcher receptors
Sensors in the blood vessels that identify internal pressure.
Stroke volume
The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
Systemic vascular resistance
The pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system.
Tidal volume
The volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing.
V/Q Match
Ventilation/perfusion match. This implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
