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Emergency Care 13th Edition > Chapter 6 Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Acetabulum

A

The pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint.

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2
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

A

The joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet.

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3
Q

Acromion Process

A

The highest portion of the shoulder.

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4
Q

Alveoli

A

The microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place.

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5
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of body structure.

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6
Q

Aorta

A

The largest artery of the body. It transports blood from the left to the right ventricle to begin the systemic circulation.

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7
Q

Appendix

A

A small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, the function of which is not well understood.

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8
Q

Arteriole

A

The smallest kind of artery.

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9
Q

Artery

A

Any blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

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10
Q

Atria

A

The two upper chambers of the heart.

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11
Q

Automaticity

A

The ability of the heart to generate and conduct its own electrical impulses.

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12
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions.

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13
Q

Bladder

A

The round sac-like organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine.

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14
Q

Blood pressure

A

The pressure caused by the blood exerting force against the walls of the blood vessels.

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15
Q

Brachial artery

A

Artery of the upper arm. The site of the pulse checked during infant CPR.

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16
Q

Bronchi

A

The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs.

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17
Q

Calcaneus

A

The heel bone.

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18
Q

Capillary

A

A thin walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body’s cells take place.

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19
Q

Cardiac conduction system

A

A system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat.

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20
Q

Cardiac muscles

A

Specialized involuntary muscles found only in the heart.

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21
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

The system made up of the heart and blood vessels.

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22
Q

Carotid arteries

A

Large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head.

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23
Q

Carpals

A

The wrist bones.

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24
Q

Central nervous system

A

The brain and the spinal cord.

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25
Q

Central pulses

A

The carotid and femoral pulses which can be felt in a central part of the body.

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26
Q

Clavicle

A

The collarbone.

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27
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Blood vessels that can be felt in the central part of the body.

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28
Q

Cranium

A

Top, back, and sides of the skull.

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29
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx.

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30
Q

Dermis

A

The inner second later of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis.

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31
Q

Diaphragm

A

The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration.

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32
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

The pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling.

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33
Q

Digestive system

A

System by which food travels through the body and is broken down into absorbable forms.

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34
Q

Dorsalis pedis artery

A

Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe.

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35
Q

Endocrine

A

System of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate the many body activities and functions.

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36
Q

Epidermis

A

The outer layer of the skin.

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37
Q

Epiglottis

A

A leaf shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea.

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38
Q

Epinephrine

A

A hormone produced by the body. As a medication it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions.

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39
Q

Exhalation

A

A passive process in which intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size forcing air out of the lungs.

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40
Q

Femoral artery

A

The major artery suppling the leg.

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41
Q

Femur

A

The large bone of the thigh.

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42
Q

Fibula

A

The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg.

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43
Q

Gallbladder

A

A sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver.

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44
Q

Humorous

A

The bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow.

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45
Q

Hypo perfusion

A

The inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition also known as shock.

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46
Q

Ilium

A

The superior and widest portion of the pelvis.

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47
Q

Inhalation

A

An active process in which the intercostal muscle and diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity causing air to flow into the lungs.

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48
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as medication by many diabetics.

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49
Q

Involuntary muscle

A

Muscle that responds automatically to the brain signals but can not be consciously controlled.

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50
Q

Ischium

A

The lower, posterior portions of the pelvis.

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51
Q

Joint

A

Where to bones come together.

52
Q

Kidneys

A

Organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body.

53
Q

Large intestine

A

The muscular tube that removes water from the waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion.

54
Q

Larynx

A

The voice box.

55
Q

Ligament

A

Tissue that connects bone to bone.

56
Q

Liver

A

The largest organ of the body, which produces bile to assist in the breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body.

57
Q

Lungs

A

The organ where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place.

58
Q

Lymphatic system

A

The system composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that help to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contribute to the body’s immune system.

59
Q

Malleolus

A

The protrusion on the side of the ankle. This refers to both the lateral and medial versions.

60
Q

Mandible

A

The lower jawbone.

61
Q

Manubrium

A

the superior portion of the sternum.

62
Q

Maxillae

A

The two fused bones forming the upper jaw.

63
Q

Metacarpals

A

The hand bones.

64
Q

Metatarsals

A

The foot bones.

65
Q

Muscle

A

Tissue that can contract to allow movement.

66
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

The system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement.

67
Q

Nasal bones

A

The nose bones.

68
Q

Nasopharynx

A

The area directly posterior to the nose.

69
Q

Nervous system

A

The system of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought.

70
Q

Orbits

A

The boney structures around the eyes.

71
Q

Oropharynx

A

The area directly posterior to the mount

72
Q

Ovaries

A

Egg-producing organs within the female reproductive system.

73
Q

Pancreas

A

A gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in the digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine.

74
Q

Patella

A

The kneecap.

75
Q

Pelvis

A

The basin-shapped bony structure that supports the spine and is the proximal attachment for the lower extremities.

76
Q

Perfusion

A

The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

77
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

The nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between he brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord.

78
Q

Peripheral pulses

A

The radial, brachial, posterior tibal, and dorsalis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral (outlying) points of the body.

79
Q

Phalanges

A

The toe bones and finger bones.

80
Q

Pharynx

A

The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose.

81
Q

Physiology

A

The study of body fiction.

82
Q

Plasma

A

The fluid portion of the blood.

83
Q

Platelets

A

Components of the blood; membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells.

84
Q

Posterior tibial artery

A

Artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle.

85
Q

Pubis

A

The medial anterior portion of the pelvis.

86
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

The vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.

87
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

The vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

88
Q

Pulse

A

The rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries.

89
Q

Radial pulse

A

Artery of the lower arm; the artery felt when taking a pulse at the thumb side of the wrist.

90
Q

Radius

A

The lateral bone of the forearm.

91
Q

Red blood cells

A

Components of the blood. They carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells.

92
Q

Renal system

A

The body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood. Also called the urinary system.

93
Q

Respiration

A

The process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells.

94
Q

Scapula

A

The shoulder blade.

95
Q

Skeleton

A

The bones of the body.

96
Q

Skin

A

The layer of tissue between the body and external environment.

97
Q

Skull

A

The boney structure of the head

98
Q

Small intestine

A

The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided unto the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum, which receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion. Nutrients are absorbed by the body through its walls.

99
Q

Spleen

A

An organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood.

100
Q

Sternum

A

The breastbone

101
Q

Stomach

A

Muscular sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where digestion of food beings.

102
Q

Subcutaneous layers

A

The layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis.

103
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

The pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation.

104
Q

Tarsals

A

The ankle bone

105
Q

Tendon

A

Tissue that connects muscle to bone.

106
Q

Thorax

A

The chest

107
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

The wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the Adam’s apple.

108
Q

Tibia

A

The medial and larger bone of the lower leg.

109
Q

Torso

A

The trunk of the body

110
Q

Trachea

A

The windpipe, the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs.

111
Q

Ulna

A

The medial bone of the forearm.

112
Q

Ureters

A

The tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder.

113
Q

Urethra

A

The tubes connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine.

114
Q

Uterus

A

Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus.

115
Q

Valve

A

A structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction.

116
Q

Vein

A

Any blood vessel returning to the heart.

117
Q

Venae Cavae

A

Superior and inferior, these two major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium.

118
Q

Ventilation

A

The process of moving gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood.

119
Q

Ventricles

A

The two lower chambers of the heart.

120
Q

Venule

A

The smallest kind of vein.

121
Q

Vertebrae

A

The thirty-three bones of the spinal column.

122
Q

Voluntary muscle

A

Muscle that can be consciously controlled.

123
Q

White blood cells

A

Components of blood. The produce substances which help fight infection.

124
Q

Xiphoid process

A

The inferior portion of the sternum.

125
Q

Zygomatic arches

A

Bones that form the structure of the cheeks.

Emergency Care 13th Edition (8 decks)

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