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Kinesiology > Chapter 7 - The Wrist and Hand Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - The Wrist and Hand Joints Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the hand and wrist joints?
How many joints?
How many muscles?
How many are intrinsic (origin and insertion are both inside the hand)

A
  • 29
  • > 25
  • > 30
  • 18
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2
Q

How many of each type of bone are there?

  • Carpal bones?
  • Metacarpal bones?
  • Phalagnes?
  • Sesamoid bone?
A 
Carpal:
- 8, 2 rows of 4
Metacarpal:
- 5
Sesamoid:
- Thumb flexor tendon of thumb
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3
Q

What are the 8 carpal bones?

A
  • Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform (first row): Proximal
  • Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate (second row): Distal
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4
Q

Scaphoid is the most often injured

  • MOI?
  • Differential Diagnosis?
  • Concerns?
A

MOI:
- FOOSH
Differential Diagnosis:
- Will look like a wrist sprain
Concerns:
- Non-union: two halves start to move apart and don’t come back together
- Avascular Necrosis: dies b/c it has a very poor blood supply, common w/non-union

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5
Q

Where is the origin for wrist/finger flexors?

Where is the origin for wrist/finger extensors

A
  • Medial side

- Lateral side

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6
Q

What is TFCC?

A
  • Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex
    • Articular Disk
    • Along medial wrist
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7
Q

What movements do you have at the wrist?

A
  • Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction –> radial deviation and ulnar deviation
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8
Q

What movements do you have at the fingers?

A
  • Flexion and extension
  • At the MCP have abduction and adduction
  • Middle philange is reference point to differentiate abduction and adduction
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9
Q

What type of joint is the wrist?

A
  • 4 motions –> diarthrodial –> condyloid –> movement in 2 planes without rotation
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10
Q

Where does movement of the wrist primarily occur? Carpals?

A
  • Distal radius and proximal

- Carpals –> scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum

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11
Q

How many joints does each finger have and what are they?

A
  • Metacarpalphalangeal Joint (MCP)
  • Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP)
  • Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP)
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12
Q

Joint Types

  • MCP?
  • PIP?
  • DIP?
A

MCP:
- Diarthrodial –> condyloid
PIP:
- Hinge –> ginglymus –> only flexion and extension
DIP:
- Hinge –> ginglymus –> only flexion and extension

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13
Q

How many joints does the thumb have? What are they? And what type are they?

A
  • 2 Joints
  • Interphalangeal Joint (IP) and Carpometacarpal Joint (CMC)
    IP:
  • Hinge –> gignlymus –> only flexion and extension
    CMC:
  • Saddle like –> sellar
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14
Q

What are the wrist flexors?

A
  • Flexor carpiadialis
  • Flexor caripulnaris
  • Palmaris Longus
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15
Q

What are the wrist extensors?

A
  • Extensor carpiradialis longus
  • Extensor carpiradialis brevis
  • Extensor Carpiulnaris
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16
Q

What are the philanges flexors?

A
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis
  • Flexor digitorum profundus
  • Flexor pollicis longus
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17
Q

What are the philanges extensors?

A
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor indicis
  • Extensor digiti minimi
  • Extensor pollicis longus (thumb extensor)
  • Extensor pollicis brevis (thumb extensor)
18
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
  • Flexor digitorum profundus tendons
  • Pressure on median nerve = symptoms = numbness, tingling, burning, or pain
19
Q

What is the common origin of wrist extensors?

A
  • Lateral Epicondyle
20
Q

What is the retinaculum?

A
  • Just proximal to the wrist, both anteriorly and posteriorly, prevents bowstringing of our tendons
21
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle

  • Origin?
  • Insertion?
  • Movements?
A 
Origin:
- Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion:
- Base of second and third metacarpal, anterior (palmar surface)
Movements:
- Flexion of the wrist
- Abduction of the wrist
- Weak flexion of the elbow
- Weak pronation of the forearm
22
Q

Palmaris Longus Muscle

  • Origin?
  • Insertion?
  • Movements?
A 
Origin:
- Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:
- Palmaris aponeurosis of second, third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals
Movements:
- Flexion of the wrist
- Weak flexion of the elbow
23
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle

  • Origin?
  • Insertion?
  • Movements?
A

Origin:
- Medial epicondyle of humerus, posterior aspect of proximal ulna
Insertion:
- Pisiform, hamate, and base of fifth metacarpal

24
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle

  • Origin?
  • Insertion?
  • Movements?
A

Origin:
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Middle 2/4 of the posterior border of the ulna
Insertion:
- Base of fifth metacarpal (dorsal surface)
Movements:
- Extension of wrist
- Adduction of wrist together with flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
- Weak extension of elbow

25
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Origin? - Insertion? - Movements?
``` Origin: - Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: - Base of third metacarpal Movements: - Extension of wrist - Abduction of wrist - Weak flexion of elbow ```
26
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle - Origin? - Insertion? - Movements?
Origin: - Lower 1/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral epicondyle of the humerus Insertion: - Base of second metacarpal (dorsal surface) Movements: - Extension of wrist - Abduction of wrist - Weak flexion of elbow - Weak pronation to neutral from a fully supinated position
27
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle - Origin? - Insertion? - Movements?
Origin: - Medial epicondyle of the humerus. Ulnar head: medial coronoid process. Radial head: upper 2/3 of anterior border of the radius Insertion: - Split tendons attach to sides of middle phalanx to four fingers Movements: - Flexion of fingers at MCP and PIP joints - Flexion of the wrist - Weak flexion of elbow
28
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle - Origin? - Insertion? - Movements?
Origin: - Proximal 3/4 of anterior and medial ulna Insertion: - Base of distal phalanxes of the four fingers Movements: - Flexion of 4 fingers at MCP, PIP, and DIP joints - Flexion of wrist
29
Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle - Origin? - Insertion? - Movements?
``` Origin: - Middle anterior surface of radius and from the anterior medial border of ulna just distal to coronoid process Insertion: - Base of distal phalanx of thumb Movements: - Flexion of thumb at CMC, MCP, and IP joints - Flexion of wrist - Abduction of wrist ```
30
Extensor Digitorum Muscle - Origin? - Insertion? - Movements?
``` Origin: - Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: - Four tendons to bases of middle and distal phalanges of four fingers Movements: - Extension of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th phalanges at MCP joints - Extension of wrist - Weak extension of elbow ```
31
Extensor Indicis Muscle - Origin? - Insertion? - Movements?
Origin: - Middle to distal 1/3 of posterior ulna Insertion: - Base of middle and distal phalanxes of second phalange Movement: - Extension of the index finger at MCP joint - Weak wrist extension - Weak supination of forearm from a pronated position
32
Extensor Digiti Minimi Muscle - Origin? - Insertion? - Movements?
``` Origin: - Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: - Base of middle and distal phalanxes of fifth philange Movements: - Extension of little finger at MCP joint - Weak wrist extension - Weak elbow extension ```
33
Extensor Pollicis Longus Muscle - Origin? - Insertion? - Movements?
Origin: - Posterior lateral surface of lower middle ulna Insertion: - Base of distal phalanx of thumb Movement: - Extension of thumb at CMC, MCP and IP joint - Extension of wrist - Abduction of wrist - Weak supination of forearm from a pronated position
34
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Muscle - Origin? - Insertion? - Movements?
``` Origin: - Posterior surface of lower middle radius Insertion: - Base of proximal phalanx of thumb Movements: - Extension of thumb at CMC and MCP joints - Weak wrist extension - Wrist abduction ```
35
Abductor Pollicis Longus Muscle - Origin? - Insertion? - Movements?
``` Origin: - Posterior aspect of the radius and midshaft of ulna Insertion: - Base of first metacarpal Movements: - Abduction of thumb at CMC joint - Abduction of wrist - Extension of thumb at CMC joint - Weak supination of forearm from a pronated position - Weak flexion of wrist ```
36
Intrinsic Muscles of Hand (That we need to know)
- Thenar eminence - 1st metacarpal | - Hypothenar eminence - 5th metacarpal
37
Wrist Flexion | - Muscles?
- Flexor carpi radialis - Flexor carpi ulnaris - Palmaris longus - Flexor digitorum superficialis - Flexor digitorum profundus - Flexor pollicis longus
38
Wrist Extension | - Muscles?
- Extensor carpi radialis longus - Extensor carpi radialis brevis - Extensor carpi radialis ulnaris - Extensor digitorum - Extensor indicis - Extensor digiti minimi - Extensor pollicis longus - Extensor pollicis brevis
39
``` Wrist Abduction (radial deviation, radial flexion) - Muscles? ```
- Flexor carpi radialis - Extensor carpi radialis longus - Extensor carpi radialis brevis - Abductor pollicis longus - Extensor pollicis longus - Extensor pollicis brevis
40
``` Wrist Adduction (ulnar deviation, ulnar flexion) - Muscles? ```
- Flexor carpi ulnaris | - Extensor carpi ulnaris
41
Philangeal Flexion | - Muscles?
- Flexor digitorum superficialis - Flexor digitorum profundus - Flexor pollicis longus
42
Philangeal Extension | - Muscles?
- Extensor digitorum - Extensor indicis - Extensor digiti minimi - Extensor pollicis longus - Extensor pollicis brevis

Kinesiology (4 decks)

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