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Biology > Chapter 7- The Working Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 7- The Working Cell Flashcards

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1
Q 
Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called
A. Pigments
B. Consumers
C. Autotrophs
D. Heterotrophs
A

C. Autotrophs make their own food

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2
Q

A high level of LACTIC ACID in the blood is a sign of what?

A

HIGH LACTIC ACID in the BLOOD is a sign of LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION!

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3
Q

Where does the KREBS (also called the Citric Acid Cycle) take place inside the mitochondria? Is it complex or simple?

A

The KREBS/Citric Acid Cycle is pretty complex. It happens in the SPACES of the mitochondria.

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4
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a part of the ATP molecule?
A.  adenine
B. Ribose
C. Chlorophyll
D. Phosphate
A

ATP process does NOT include D. chloraphyll

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5
Q 
Cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into
A. ATP
B. Water
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Organic molecules
A

A. ATP

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6
Q

Calorie

A

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

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7
Q

What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?

A

The reactants in the equation for cellular respiration are GLUCOSE and OXYGEN.

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8
Q 
Energy is released from ATP when 
A. a phosphate group is added
B. adenine bonds to ribose
C. ATP is exposed to sunlight
D. a phosphate group is removed
A

D. a phosphate group is removed

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9
Q

The Krebs cycle produces ELECTRON CARRIER molecules that play a role in the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN. True or False?

A

TRUE! The Krebs cycle DOES produce ELECTRON CARRIER molecules that play a role in the ‘ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN!

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10
Q

What is the similarity between Cellular

Respiration and breathing

A

Similarity of Cellular Respiration to breathing (sometimes called respiration) is O2 and CO2

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11
Q

Organisms, such as hawks and lepords, that obtain energy from the foods they consume are called

A

Organisms, such as hawks and lepords, that obtain energy from the foods they consume are called heterotrophs or consumers

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12
Q

True or FALSE… The energy in most food comes from SUNLIGHT.

A

TRUE! The energy in most food DOES come from SUNLIGHT!

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13
Q

The three main stages of cellular respiration are ……………, the Krebs cycle, and ………………..

A

The three main stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport

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14
Q 
What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
A. Adenine, thylakoids, stroma
B. Stroma, grana, chlorophyll
C. Adenine, ribose, triphosphate tail
D. NADH, NADPH, and FADH2
A

C. Adenine, ribose, triphosphate

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15
Q 
The Krebs cycle starts with
A. lactic acid and yields carbon dioxide
B. glucose
C. acetyl coAand yields lactic acid 
D. acetyl co A and yields carbon dioxide
A

D. acetyl co A and yields carbon dioxide

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

(Photosynthesis) uses the sun’s energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars.

A

TRUE

Photosynthesis uses the sun’s energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars.

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17
Q

Heterotrophs

A

organisms which depend on other organisms as food; aka: consumers

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18
Q

Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires………

A

Cellular respiration is called an AEROBIC process because it requires OXYGEN.

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19
Q

Which of these is a PRODUCT of cellular respiration?

REVIEW THIS!!!!!!!!!

A. Oxygen
B. Water
C. Glucose
D. All of the above

A

C. GLUCOSE is the PRODUCT of cellular RESPIRATION

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20
Q

How does ATP provide energy for cellular work using exergonic cellular respiration and the endergonic process?

A

Energy in the form of exergonic cellular respiration STARS the cycle, and energy is released by the ENDERGONIC process.

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21
Q

What is ATP, and how is energy released from it?

A

ATP is the CHIEF ENERGY STORING MOLECULE used by CELLS. Energy is released as ATP and is converted into ADP and aphosphate group.

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22
Q

One cause of muscle soreness and fatigue is…?

A

The cause of muscle soreness and fatigue is LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION!

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23
Q

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes?

A

Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and cellular respiration produces it.

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24
Q 
The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is used to make
A. lactic acid
B. citric acid
C. alcohol
D. ATP
A

D. ATP

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25
Q

What’s the structure of a mitochondrion?

A

There is an outer and inner membrane, and space between the membranes. There are folds in the membrane and a matrix inside the mitochondrion.

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26
Q

True or False???? The Krebs cycle releases energy that is used to produce ATP…..

A

TRUE!!!!!!! the Krebs Cycle DOES release energy used to produce ATP!

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27
Q

Which produces the most molecules, anarobic respiration or aerobic respiration

A

Aerobic respiration produuces the most molecules

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28
Q

The Krebs Cycle is also known as what!

A

The Krebs cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle

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29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The products of (glycolysis) are 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvic acid molecule

A

TRUE

The products of (glycolysis) are 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvic acid molecule

30
Q

What is the ATP cycle?

A

The ATP cycle is the cycle in which ATP is converted into ADP as your cells do work, then converted back into ATP by adding a phosphate group

31
Q

What are calories and kilocalories?

A

A calorie is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. A kilocalorie is 1,000 calories

32
Q

What’s the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? Give examples of each.

A

Plants are autotrophs, which are organisms, and make their own food. Heterotrophs are animals, and get their food by eating other organisms.

33
Q

Autotrophs

A 
organisms which make
their own food; aka producers  “self-food”
– Plants 
–  Algae 
–  phytoplankton
 –  Some bacteria
34
Q

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP?
A. ATP consists of ribose, adenine and phosphate.
ADP forms when ATP releases energy
C. ATP provides energy for cells.
A. Used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste

A

This IS NOT TRUE- Used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste.

35
Q

Cellular respiration

A

All cells, consumers & producers use this process to produce usable energy from the food produced during photosynthesis

36
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration
A. glycolysis—> fermentation——> Krebs cycle
B. Krebs cycle —> electron transport —–> glycolysis
C. glycolysis —> Krebs cycle —->electron transport
D. Krebs cycle —> glycolysis —-> electron transport

A

D. Krebs cycle —> glycolysis —-> electron transport

37
Q

List the 3 main stages of cellular respiration in order. Where does each stage take place in the cell?

A

Cellular respiration
Stage 1- Glycolysis, which happens in the cytoplasm
Stage 2 - The Krebs cycle, which happens in the mitochondria
Stage 3 - The Electron Transport / ATP synthase action - which also happens in the mitochondria.

38
Q

The body gets rid of lactic acid in a chemical pathway that requires WHAT?

A

Well, the body gets RID of LACTIC ACID in a CHEMICAL PATHWAY that requires OXYGEN< OXYGEN OXYGEN!

39
Q 
Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from foods they eat are called
A. Autotrophs
B. Heterotrophs
C. Producers
D. Plants
A

B. Heterotrophs cannot make their own food

40
Q

Glycolysis converts glucose into two molecules of WHAT?

A

GLYCOLYSIS converts GLUCOSE into TWO molecules of PYRUVIC ACID, of course!

41
Q

Two turns of the Krebs cycle will result in ………… ATP molecules

A

Two turns of the Krebs cycle will result in 2 ATP molecules

42
Q

Cellular respiration occurs only in the presence of……?????

A

Cellular respiration occurs ONLY in the presence of OXYGEN!!!!

43
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a STAGE of CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
A.Fermentation
B. Electron Transport
C. Glycolysis
D. Krebs Cycle
A

A. FERMENTATION is NOT a STAGE of CELLULAR RESPIRATION.

44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Unlike cellular respiration, fermentation can be used to release energy even in the absence of (carbohydrates)

A

FALSE:

Unlike cellular respiration, fermentation can be used to release energy even in the absence of (oxygen)

45
Q

The electron transport chain can produce up to ………. ATP molecules per molecule of glucose

A

The electron transport chain can produce up to 34 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose

46
Q 
Which process is used to make bread rise
A. lactic acid fermentation
B. glycolysis
C. alcoholic fermentation
D. the Krebs cycle
A

C. alcoholic fermentation

47
Q

Are Autotrophs consumers or producers? Give some examples of Autrophs. AND, tell whether or not they use Cellular Respiration.

A

AUTOTROPS are PRODUCERS!!!!! they make their own food. Some of these self-food PRODUCERS are Plants, Algae, Phytoplankton and come bacteria. YES! Autotrophs use cellular respiration,ALL Cells, and consumers and producer organisms use cellular respiration to produce usable energy.

48
Q

What occurs in a series of electron carriers??????

A

The ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN occures in a series of electron carriers!!!!

49
Q

Milk is converted to yogurt when microorganisms in the milk produces acid. Which process would be key?

A

Key to producing yogurt from milk is LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION.

50
Q

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration
A. 6O2 + C6H12O6 ——-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY
B. 6O2 + C6H12O6 + ENERGY ——–> 6CO2 + 6H2O
C. 6CO2 + 6H20 —–> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + ENERGY
D. 6CO2 + 6H20 + ENERGY —> 6O2 + C6H12O6

A

A. 6O2 + C6H12O6 ——-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY

51
Q

The Krebs Cycle is also known as what!

A

The Krebs cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle

52
Q

What does NAD+ stand for

A

NAD+
(nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide)

53
Q

CELLULAR RESPIRATION uses CARBON DIOXIDE to convert chemical energy in organixc molecules into ATP….. True or False??

A

IT’s FALSE! That CELLULAR RESPIRATION uses CARBON DIOXIDE to convert chemical energy in organic molecules into ATP…… It DOESN’t use Carbon dioxide…. it uses OXYGEN!!!! OXYGEN!!!!! OXYGEN!!!!

54
Q

Are HETEROTROPHS Producers or Consumers? Give some examples of heterotrophs. Also, do heterotrophs use cellular respiration?

A

HETEROTROPHS are CONSUMERS!!!!! They don’t make their own food. Animals are heterotrophs, like US! And, YES, heterotrophs use cellular respiration! All cells, consumers and producers use it to produce usable energy from the food produced during photosynthesis.

55
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

(ADP) is one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy

A

FALSE:

(ATP) is one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy

56
Q

In the PRESENCE of OXYGEN, GLYCOLYSIS is FOLLOWED by…..?

A

In the PRESENCE of OXYGEN, GLYCOLYSIS is FOLLOWED by THE KREBS CYCLE.

57
Q

Does food store chemical energy?

A

YES, food stores chemical energy. Calories are the units of chemical energy.

58
Q

How many calories is a kilocalories?

A

A kilocalorie is 1000 calories

59
Q

When a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule, what happens?

A

When a phosphate group is removed from ATP, energy is released and ADP is formed.

60
Q

Which produces the most molecules, anarobic respiration or aerobic respiration

A

Aerobic respiration produuces the most molecules

61
Q

How is breathing related to cellular respiration?

A 
Similarity of
Cellular
Respiration to
breathing
(sometimes
called
respiration) is     O
2 2
 and CO
62
Q

Is Glycolysis the first step of respiration? What are the 8 steps of glycolysis?

A

YES! glycolysis is the first step of respiration. The 8 steps it has are:

  1. it enters the cytoplasm from the blood,
  2. 2 ATP are used to energize the glucose
  3. Then the glucose is split into 2
  4. 2 3-carbon molecules are made
  5. Each of the 3 carbon molecules give high energy electrons & hydrogen to make NADH
  6. Each 3 carbon molecules then give energy to make 4 ATP molecules (2 for each side)
  7. Each 3 carbon molecule now becomes a molecule of pyruvate (3-C)
  8. FINALLY, the NADH carries energy to the mitochondria, to be used in electron transport!
63
Q

True or FAlse…. The reactants of phytosynthesis are the same as the reactants of cellular respiration.

A

FALSE< FALSE FALSE! The Reactants of phyotosynthesis are the same as the PRODUCTS of cellular respiration.

64
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Protein structures on the mitrochondria that act like miniature turbines and convert ADP into ATP are called (electron transport chain)

A

FALSE:
Protein structures on the mitrochondria that act like miniature turbines and convert ADP into ATP are called (ATP Synthase)

65
Q

What is the first stage of cellular respiration

A

Stage 1: Glycolysis , takes place when glucose, a simple sugar, enters the cell and is in the cytoplasm.

66
Q 
Which of the following is released during cellular respiration?
A. Oxygen
B. Air
C. Energy
D. Lactic acid
A

C. During cellular respiration, ENERGY is released.

67
Q 
Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?
A.Gycloysis
B. Electron transport
C. Krebs Cycle
D. all of the above
A

GLYCOLYSIS takes place in the CYTOPLASM of a CELL.

68
Q

What is the difference of kinetic and potential energy?

A

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Potential energy is the energy that is stored due to an object’s position or arrangement

69
Q

What are two types of fermentation and how do their PRODUCTS differ?

A

Two types of fermentation-

  1. ALCOHOLIC fermentation Produces CARBON DIOXIDE & NAD
  2. LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION produces LACTIC ACID and NAD
70
Q

Without oxygen, a cell can extract a net gain of only ……. molecules of ATP from each glucose molecule

A

Without oxygen, a cell can extract a net gain of only 2 molecules of ATP from each glucose molecule

Biology (4 decks)

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