Chaoter 10 Notes from presentation Flashcards
Alleles
alternate forms of a gene for a single trait
unit characteristics
factors which occur in pairs and cause a specific trait
segregation
when gametes are formed, one gene of each pair for a trait goes to each gamete
self pollination
pollen fertilizes pistil of the same flower
cross pollination
using pollen from one flower to fertilize another flower
first filial
generation (F1) offspring of a known cross pollination (kids)
second filial
generation (F2) offspring resulting from self-pollination of the F1 plants (grandkids)
phenotype
the expression of an organism’s genes
allele
a pair of genes which has equivalent positions on homologous chromosomes
genotype
the specific genes of an organism
homozygous
both alleles being the same
heterozygous
both alleles being not the same
dihybrid crosses
deals with two characteristics (sets of alleles) at the same time (4 alleles involved)
intermediate inheritance
mixed genotype results in a third phenotype
locus
place on a chromosome where a particulat gene is located
polygenic inheritance
a single characteristic determined by more than one gene
multiple alleles
there can be more than two alleles on one gene
How many genes make up one trait
many genes make up one trait
how many alleles can one gene have
each gene can have many alleles
where are genes located
genes are located on chromosomes
genetic linkage
the tendency for the alleles on one chromosome to be inherited togther
dominant
allele that will mask a recessive (R)
recessive
allele that is masked (r)
Codominance
When 2 alleles don’t blen together but both show together like in A B blood type, its called
heredity
Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring
Genetics
Is the the study of how characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next
Phenotype
The apperance of an organism is its
Another name for heterozygous
hybrid is another name for
Dominant
An allele that masks the presence of another allele
Incomplete Dominance
Red and wihite flowers producing pink offspring is an example of what
A recessive gene is represented by what?
Lower case letter represents a recessive gene
What phenotypic ratio would you expect to see in offspring from a monohybrid cross of two heterzygous parents
3:1 Dominanr: Recessive
Alleles
are different gene choices for a trait
A dominant gene is represented by a ……………….. letter.
Capital
When a heterozygous individual shows a blending of two allels insted of one being dominant over the other its called
Incomplete Dominance
When both the alleles in the pair are the same the organism is
homozygous or pure
What phenotype ratio is a clue that there has been a dyhbrid cross between two heterozygous parents
9:3:3:1
R=red flwers r=white flowers
An Rr organism would have _________ flowers if this trait was completely domonant
An Rr organism would have RED flowers if this trait was completely domonant
R=red flwers r=white flowers
An Rr organism would have _________ flowers if this trait was incompletely domonant
An Rr organism would have pink flowers if this trait was incompletely domonant
R=red flwers r=white flowers
An Rr organism would have _________ flowers if this trait was codominant domonant
An Rr organism would have both red and white flowers if this trait was codominant domonant
What are Mendel’s 2 laws of heredity
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
The offspring of the P1 generation are called the generatio
The offspring of the P1 generation are called the F1 generation
TRUE or FALSE
A person with type O blood could be a blood donor for a person with type AB blood.
true, type O is the universal donor
When both alleles in the pair are DIFFERENT the organism is ________ or ________
When both alleles in the pair are DIFFERENT the organism is heterozygous or hybrid
A cross that involves only 1 trait is called a what kind of cross?
A cross that involves only 1 trait is called a monohybrid cross
T = Tall t = short
The genotype of the offspring from the cross at the right is _________. Their phenotype is _________.
The genotype of the offspring from the cross at the right is Tt. Their phenotype is tall.
