Chapter 7 - The Rise Of Islam Flashcards
Sheikh
Ruling member of the tribe
Majlis
Council of the elders
Hegira
Flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina; first date on official calendar of Islam
Umma
First Islamic community
Five Pillars of Islam
- Belief in Allah and Muhammad as his prophet
- Prayer 5 times a day, public prayer midday Friday
- Observation of Ramadan
- Making pilgrimage to Mecca at least once
- Giving alms (zakat) to poor or unfortunate
Ramadan
Holy month of Islam, associated with fasting from dawn to sunset
Ulama
Muslim scholars
Shari’a
Law code to provide believers with a set of prescriptions to regulate their daily lives
Hadith
Collection of sayings of the Prophet that were used to supplement the revelations contained in the holy scriptures
Caliph
Temporal leader of the Islamic community
Imam
Religious leader
Jihad
“Striving in the way of the Lord;” also “holy war”
Shi’ites
“Partisans of Ali”
Sunni
“Orthodox” Muslims
Sultan
“Holder of power”
Crusades
Military campaign in defense of Christianity
Emir
“Commander”
Sufism
Belief that called for a mystical relationship between Allah and humans
Mihrab
Niche in a mosque’s wall that points to Mecca
Muezzin
Man who calls Muslims to prayer at appointed times
Vizier
Prime minister
Bedouin
Arab nomadic peoples who came originally from the northern part of the peninsula