Chapter 3 - Ancient China

Question 1

Longshan

Answer 1

Neolithic society near Yellow River - identified by its black pottery

Question 2

Veneration of Ancestors

Answer 2

Extension of filial piety, included care for the dead - ex: burning replicas is useful objects to accompany the dead on their journey to the next world

Question 3

Diffusion Hypothesis

Answer 3

Hypothesis that the Yellow River Valley was ancient heartland - technological and cultural achievements branches out from there into East Asia

Question 4

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 4

Heaven maintained order in the universe through the Zhou king (who was seen as a representative of Heaven rather than a divine being)

Question 5

Well-field System

Answer 5

Peasants worked on lands owned by their lord, but they were also given land for personal use

Question 6

Dao

Answer 6

“The Way” - describes behavior proper to each member of society

Question 7

Legalism

Answer 7

Philosophy that argued that humans were evil and would follow the correct path only through stiff laws and harsh punishments

Question 8

Confucianism

Answer 8

System of thought based on teachings of Confucius

Question 9

Daoism

Answer 9

Philosophy that states that acceptance and spontaneity are keys to harmonious interaction with universal order - alternative to Confucianism

Question 10

Eunuchs

Answer 10

Men whose testicles have been removed - personal attendants to Huangdi and the royal family

Question 11

Oriental Despotism

Answer 11

Theory by Karl Wittfogel that states that traditional societies organized on the basis of large-scale irrigation networks often possessed tendencies to create autocratic political systems

Question 12

Hydraulic Society

Answer 12

Society organized around large irrigation systems to control allocation of water

Question 13

Filial Piety

Answer 13

A hierarchical system in which every family member has his or her place, subordinate to a patriarch who has, in turn, reciprocal responsibilities

Question 14

Five Relationships

Answer 14

Hierarchical interpersonal relationships within family, friends, and the king.

1. All subject to king
2. Son subordinate to father
3. Wife subordinate to husband
4. Younger brother subordinate to older
5. Friend to another friend

Question 15

Bao-jia System

Answer 15

System of organizing families into groups of 5 or 10 to exercise mutual control and surveillance to reduce loyalty to the family - Qin Dynasty originated

Question 16

Yangshao

Answer 16

Neolithic society near Yellow River - identified by its painted pottery