Chapter 7: The Evolution Of Work

Question 1

The industrial Revolution brought 4 new innovations to the modern economy, these 4 things are:

Answer 1

1. Mechanization: James Watf introduces steam-power and increased production 100x
2. Centralization, specialization & mass production: moved small shops into factories and made workers do specialized tasks over and over
3. Wage labour: bad working conditions, employer-employee relationships became impersonal, exploitation occurred
4. Standard of living and international trade: act of 1883 (limits hours of work for woman and children), economic expansion world-wide created national wealth

Question 2

Canada’s economic sectors are divided into what 3 things? Briefly explain and provide and example for each.

Answer 2

Primary sector: extract natural resources from the environment ie. Mining

Secondary sector: turns raw materials into manufactured goods ie. Jewellers

Tertiary sector: 75.2% of all jobs are tertiary, this sector provides services ie. A travel agency

Question 3

Define The Economy

Answer 3

The economy is a social institution that organizes markets, production, distribution, resources and consumption.

Question 4

People who lived off of the land and hunted and gathered are considered…

Answer 4

Nomad

Question 5

Fill in the blanks:
Work was anything that ensured (blank) to the hunting & gathering societies. There was little to no (blank) of goods, this is called (blank).

Answer 5

• survival
• surplus
• subsistence economy

Question 6

Fill in the blanks:
During the (blank) 5-10 thousand yrs ago people learned how to (blank) animals and (blank) plants. This allowed people to stay in one place and the (blank) to grew. Work became (blank) and not just for survival.

Answer 6

• agricultural revolution
• breed
• cultivate
• population
• specialized

Question 7

Fill in the blanks:

New (blank) advances lead to the increase of producing (blank) and services in (blank).

Answer 7

• technological
• goods
• England

Question 8

As nations industrialized which economic sector began to decline?

Answer 8

Primary sector

Question 9

What factor lead to the post-industrialized labour force being so large?

Answer 9

The baby boom

Question 10

What country did not have a baby boom?

Answer 10

Japan

Question 11

What did Japan do in order to compensate for not having a large population due to the baby boom?

Answer 11

In order to grow economically they adopted technology. They soon led the world in automotive and electronics and their economy grew dramatically.

Question 12

What to optimists of the “new economy” believe will be good with technological advances?

Answer 12

They believe that the wired, global economy will bring productivity and employment to high levels and bring unemployment and prices low.

Question 13

What do doubtful theorists predict will happen with technological advances?

Answer 13

They predict a competitive global economy controlled by multinational corporations. There will be a bigger gap between first world nations and third world.

Question 14

What are some outcomes for the future of work? List at least 3 things with brief descriptions.

Answer 14

• information technology will continue to displace minimally skilled manufacturing and clerical jobs
• highly skilled computer-literate employees will be in demand
• future workers will experience several career changes in their working lives