Chapter 4: Forces Shaping Behaviour Flashcards
Sociological analysis is…
The development of the self based on the results of interactions between us and others.
George Mead believed that…
We create our personalities depending on our setting
Define the term: I-self…
Formed by our relationships with the people closest a to us. The I-self is rarely shown
Define the term: Me-self…
Guided by rules and expectations of the roles we play, this is our public self
This analysis believes that:
-concept of self is culturally constructed
Anthropological analysis
- the learning process of the ideas, values and beliefs of our culture
- this influences our self concept and world views
- family is the most important force of this
Enculturation
Psychological analysis
- when our sense of self (ego) is in crisis we use Defence mechanisms
- these are unconscious reactions to frustration and tension
Freud’s 4 defence mechanisms are:
- Rationalization: denial of behaviour/excuses for failure
- Displacement: moving the anger from a person/situation to a less threatening object
- Repression: pushing unwanted thoughts from the conscious to the subconscious, this may reappear
- Projection: seeing something negative in someone that you might see in yourself but cannot admit
Sense of who we are is based on ideas about our:
- strength
- weakness
- beliefs
- hopes
Full in the blanks:
During ages 12-18 a teen is constantly wondering if people like them or not. The challenge they face is to ( blank ). They often face an ( blank ) during hard times, they begin to start questioning who they are and what their ( blank ) are.
- create their own identity
- identity crisis
- morals
The ability to identify and achieve goals based Ina foundation of knowing and valuing oneself.
Self-determination
Self-enhancers
People who think about themselves more positively than others do; these people are more emotionally stable but can also become too arrogant.
What is the Nature-Nurture debate?
The debate on whether nature (inherited characteristics) or nurture (learned) has more of an impact on your development
List the environmental factors that play a role in personality development:
- time spent with family
- television
- attitudes of friends
What does advertising encourage?
- materialism
- consumerism
- objectifying men and women
- body image
What is the Human Genome Project?
A project used to determine DNA sequence in humans.
-function of genes that are linked to certain diseases (ie: cancer)
Fill in the blanks:
When someone has a ( blank ) they have a hard time coping with ( blank ) stresses of life.
- psychological disorder
- ordinary
Explain neurotic disorders:
Extremely anxious and tense people. React with fear to situations that most people would find non-threatening. Generally able to manage daily affairs.
Briefly explain panic attacks:
People characterized by feared intense physical and emotional anxiety. Can sometimes lead to passing out. Panic attacks are more common in women but most men just simply don’t report these feelings.
Explain phobias:
An irrational fear with no basis to reality. These phobias interrupt normal life. This can be resolved by gradually accepting or confronting the fear. ie: claustrophobia
Briefly explain OCD:
Difficult to treat this neurosis. A behaviour that’s obsessed with exactness and symmetry, they feel like something awful will happen if it isn’t accomplished. OCD can be acquired from imbalance of serotonin in the brain.
Characteristics of ( blank ) :
- often lose touch with the real world
- difference perception of reality than the rest of the world
- may experience hallucinations
Psychotic disorder
Characteristics of ( blank ) :
- aka sociopathy
- very rare but dangerous
- most serial rapists and killers have this
- history of breaking rules or strange behaviour before age 15
- look “normal” and unable to feel empathy
- more common in men for no specific reason
Antisocial personality disorder
List 3 causes of antisocial personality disorder:
- brings out the nature-nurture debate
- environmental: insufficient bonding between infants and mothers
- biological: lack of grey matter in the prefrontal cortex
