Chapter 7 - The Emergence of the Greek City and Classical Athens Flashcards
What does the end of the Archaic period in Greece symbolize?
The emergence of democracy
What does “demokratia” mean?
The rule of the demos (people)
What are the 3 main bodies of the Greek democratic system?
Boule, Prytanis, Ekklasia
Why did Athens wield so much influence in the Greek world?
Athens played a crucial role in the defense of Greek during the Persia attacks of 490 and 480 BC
Through was years was the democratic leader Perikles in power?
495-429 BC
In what why did Athens attempt to take control of Greece?
Through the creation of the Delian League in 478 (received tribute from Greek cities and islands in return for protection)
What event lead to the Athenian Hegemony?
The Peloponnese War (between Athens and Sparta)
Why was it that Perikles wanted to beautify Athens?
For political purposes, to show the power of Athens
What is the agora?
The central market place/political center of Athens
What is the Acropolis and what important buildings did it contain?
The religious center of Athens, contained the Erection, Parthenon, Propylaia, and the Temple of Athena Nike
What is the Kerameikos?
The Athenian cemetery
What is the name of the main gates in Athens?
The Dipylon Gates
In what style was the Parthenon constructed?
Doric (not surprising on the mainland)
To what deity was the Parthenon a temple to?
Athena (the patron deity of the city) the maiden
What is an architectural feature of the Parthenon that was not typical for Greek temples of the time?
Its had an extra room, possibly for storage
What were some of the “optical refinements” made by the Greeks on the Parthenon?
The base platform was curve upward in the center and the columns were leaned in slightly and bulged slightly in the middle (called entasis)
What in the historical importance of the use of the “optical refinements” on the Parthenon by the Greeks?
It means that these people were using something close to science
What is a frieze? Why is it interesting that there are friezes on the Parthenon?
A feature of Ionic style architecture, used on the Doric style Parthenon
What are the friezes on the East and West side of the Parthenon depicting?
East - the birth of Athena, west - the contest between Athena and Poseidon
Overall, what do the metopes on the Parthenon depict?
The battles between the Greeks (civilized) and barbarians (uncivilized)
Which battles do each of the metopes on the Parthenon depict?
West - Amazonomachy, North - Trojanomachy, South - Centauromachy, East - Giantomachy
Which building held the city cult statue of Athena Polis?
The Erectheion
What is the name of the front section of the Erectheion?
The Caryatid Porch
What is the name of the front section of the Erectheion?
The Caryatid Porch
What is the Propylaia?
The entrance way into the Acropolis
What is the old Bouleuterion?
Council house
