Chapter 6 - Iron Age to Archaic Greece Flashcards
Through what years did the Iron Age, Greek “Renaissance” and Archaic Period last?
Iron (Dark) Age: 1100-750 BC, Renaissance: 800-750 BC, Archaic: 750/00-480 BC
What was the series of events that lead to the beginning of the dark age in Greece?
The collapse of the Mycenaean palace system
Why is the iron age also known as the dark age?
Due to the lack of archaeological evidence of this era compared to those before and after it
What conventions of the palatial administration were lost in the iron age?
Monumental stone architecture, literacy, specialization and production of luxury crafts etc.
What did the changes in the burial practices between the Myc and the Greeks mean about the social structure?
The social structure/ organization changed as well
Where is the city of Lefkandi?
On the island Euboea, Greece
What is the name of the distinct building on Lefkandi?
A tomba
Why was the toumba on Lafkandi an important building?
It was larger than anything build by humans before
What are 2 architectural features present on the toumba building on Lefkandi?
Pericterical (=colonnade), and compartmentalized
Why are to possible function of the toumba on Lefkandi?
Chieftan’s house or location of hero cult
What was found in the 2 shaft grave in the toumba in Lefkandi?
A cremated male and an inhumed female, along with 4 scarificed hourses and burial goods (ex. killed sword)
How do we know the people found buried in the shaft grave in the toumba were wealthy?
The sacrificed horses and burial goods were an ostentatious destruction of wealth
What is the burial mound that surrounds the toumba in Lefkandi called?
“tumulus”
The fact that the entire toumba had a roof signified what about the community of Lefkandi?
There was communal cooperation and a reverence for the building or burial grounds
What does the broken terracotta centaur figure tell us about the community of Lefkandi?
The fact that it was broken and place into two different grave tell us there were family connections within this community
What evidence to do have for foreign trade in Lefkandi?
The wood the roof was made of was foreign to the area
The presence of a central authority figure in Lefkandi tells us what about the community?
There is a re-emergence of a complex social structure
Where is the warrior grave located and from what time period was it used?
Athens, c. 10th century
How did people gain status in Athens?
Though their warrior abilities
What were some examples of burial goods found in the warrior grave?
Sword, spears, axe, knife, horse bits etc.
In what year was the tomb of the rich Athenian lady filled?
850 BC
What evidence is there from the tomb of the rich Athenian woman for wealth through agriculture?
The tomb contained many vessels holding food products
What was the technique used in making the gold jewelry found in the tomb of the rich Athenian lady and what does this tell us about the Athenian society of the time?
Granulation , shows craft specialization to a high degree
What was the technique used in making the gold jewelry found in the tomb of the rich Athenian lady and what does this tell us about the Athenian society of the time?
Granulation , shows craft specialization to a high degree
When did the Greek “Renaissance” begin?
ca 800 BC
What does the word renaissance mean?
Rebirth
What do we see reappearing in the Greek Renaissance that was lost in the Dark Age?
Monumental temples, writing, trade routes
What do the trade route predict in the Greek empire around the time of the Greek renaissance?
The access to the Near East good meant an “orientalizing”
The burials and sanctuaries (on an individual or city scale) were evidence of what?
Elite displays of wealth and power
What is “synoikism”?
The bringing together of smaller groups to create a city (or city-state)
Why was the dipylon jug important?
It represents the reemergence of language on vessels and showed us that individuals were beginning to compete on behalf of their city
From what year was Nestor’s cup?
740 BC
What was the type of warfare popularized by the Greeks during the renaissance?
Hoplite warfare
Why was hoplite warfare possible at the time of the Greek renaissance?
Because metals (and therefore armour) was becoming less expensive and therefore more accessible to the common men
Why is the introduction of hoplite warfare important to the evolution of ancient cities?
Shows a shift from fighting one on one for individual honour to fighting for a city (shift to democracy)
In what centuries was Greek in the Archaic period?
7th and 6th centuries BC
What kind of monumental stone architecture are we introduced to in the Greek Archaic period?
The Greek temple
What kind of political leadership do we see in the Greek Archaic period?
Tyranny
What is a tyrant?
One who take power by unconstitutional manner
What means do tyrants usually take to keep their people happy (and therefore keep power)
Through public works
What kind of public work did the tyrant Peististratos give to his people?
The elaboration of the Panathenic games, and many building projects (fountain house, shrine, and temples)
What kind of public work did the tyrant Peististratos give to his people?
The elaboration of the Panathenic games, and many building projects (fountain house, shrine, and temples)
Kleisthenes introduced what political structure in 507/8?
Democracy
A city and its immediate hinterland is know as what?
Polis
A somewhat spread out group of relatively small but culturally related centers is called what?
Ethnos
Why was Samos an important area for the Greek empire?
It was a good cross point for Aegean Trade, translating Near East influences to the rest of the Greek world
Who was Polykrates?
A tyrant of Samos
What important piece of architecture is located on Samos?
An early sanctuary (with non-family shrines that show the development of polis)
Where is the temple of Hera located?
Samos
Was the temple of Hera pericteral?
No, it had no colannade outside
Why was the altar of the temple of Hera probably outside?
For blood sacrifices
What changes do we see in the second phase of the temple of Hera on Samos?
Now shows a colannade, with the roof extended over the create a kind of porch area for scarifices
What changes to we see in the third phase of the temple of Hera on Samos?
The central columns are removed and a stoa is built (long building with columns in front)
What changes do we see in the 4th phase of the temple of Hera on Samos?
The forest of columns (‘ionic’ influences begin)
Where do the ionic-style of architecture originate?
Ionia
What is a volute (ionic-style)
The swirl at the end of a column
What is the design of an ionic style column?
Flouted - flat surface on outer peaks
What type of material was the temple of Hera in Olympia originally constructed?
Wood (we see an evolution from wood to stone)
How did the temple of Hera in Olympia show monumentalization?
With length, not width
What is an important architectural feature in the temple of Apollo in Thermon?
The painted terracotta plaque that acted as a space saver/holder between wood and stone elements
