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Classics 2500B > Chapter 1 - The Mediterranean and Archaeology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - The Mediterranean and Archaeology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between pre-historial and historical times

A

Prehistorical - no written sources, historical - written sources

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2
Q

What are “ages” determined by? (ex. Stone Age, Chalcolithic, Bronze, Iron Age etc.)

A

Determined by materials being used

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3
Q

What are the 3 sub ages of the Stone age?

A

Palaeolithic (old), Epipalaeolithic/ Mesolithic (Middle), Neolithic (New)

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4
Q

What ages occurred over the years 5000-3100 BC?

A

Chalcolithic

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5
Q

What age occurred between the years 3100-1200 BC?

A

Bronze Age

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6
Q

What age occurred over the years 1200/1000 - 800/700 BC?

A

The Iron Age (Near East/ Greece/Rome)

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7
Q

What 5 periods did the Near East undergo?

A

Upper Palaeolithic/Mesolithic (12500-10000), Neolithic (10000-5000), Chalcolithic (5000-3100), Bronze (3100-1200), Iron (1200-330)

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8
Q

What 5 periods did Greece undergo and when did they each end?

A

Bronze (3100-1200), Iron/Dark (1200-800), Archaic (800-480), Classical (480-330), Hellenistic (330-146)

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9
Q

What 5 periods did Italy (Rome) undergo?

A

Iron (1000-753), Archaic (753-509), Republic (509-31), Imperial (31BC-330AD), Christian (330)

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10
Q

What important event occurred in Italy in 753BC?

A

The official founding of the Roman capital

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11
Q

What important event occurred in Italy in 509BC?

A

The Eutruscan kings kicked out of Rome

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12
Q

What important event occurred in Greece in 146BC?

A

The official invasion of Greece by the Romans

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13
Q

What is a non-sedentary group of people?

A

Unsettles groups who do not need in cities

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14
Q

What evidence of presence do non-sedentary groups leave behind?

A

Burials, discarded tools, post holes, unnatural clusters of animal bones

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15
Q

What evidence of presence do complex settlements leave behind?

A

Architecture, city plans, artifacts, ecofacts (organics), tombs, written sources

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16
Q

Why are pottery artifacts very important to archaeology?

A

Images (artwork) can be used for dating, makers marks can distinguish levels of a dig

17
Q

What is a sherd and a shard?

A

A piece of pottery is a sherd and a piece of glass is a shard

18
Q

Around what time did the agricultural revolution occur?

A

Approx 7000 BC

19
Q

What is paleobotany?

A

The study of “ecofacts”

20
Q

What are ecofacts?

A

Items touched by man but made of organic material

21
Q

What can ecofacts tell us about the humans that produced them?

A

Tells us what people are eating, harvesting, domesticating etc.

22
Q

What can bioarcheology tell us about settlements?

A

Animal remains tell us about food sources, domestication, and pets

23
Q

What can bioarcheology tell us about settlements?

A

Animal remains tell us about food sources, domestication, and pets

24
Q

What is straigraphy?

A

The levels that build upon each other to create archaeological dig sites

25
Q

What layer is the earliest and what layer is the oldest in a dig site?

A

The lowest layer is the earliest and the highest layer is the lastest

26
Q

What is “leveling up”?

A

The building up of strata by humans

27
Q

What is the name of a map site?

A

Strata or profile

28
Q

How are layers defined?

A

Each layer must have a discerning characteristic

29
Q

What are the two types of relative dating?

A

Typology (the ordering of artifacts by form and style) and Seriation (human artifacts are ordered by period of manufacturer/use)

30
Q

What are the two types of absolute dating?

A

Radiocarbon (the amount of C14 vs C12 and C13) and dendrochronology (tree ring dating)

31
Q

What are the 3 sources for historical dating?

A

Inscriptions (specific year of construction), coins (give us a year of minting), textual sources (tell us about politics, religion, trade, daily life)

Classics 2500B (7 decks)

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