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Science 10 - Unit 3 (Biology) > Chapter 7: The Basis of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 7: The Basis of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

What is spontaneous generation or abiogenesis?

A

When Aristole that life came from non-living things which appeared to be true.

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2
Q

Who was the first person to test the theory of spontaneous generation or abiogenesis?

A

Francesco Redi

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3
Q

What did Louis Pasteur study?

A

He read fermentation which is an anaerobic process or action which was transported out by the micro-organisms by which organic food are transformed into simpler compounds.

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4
Q

What was Rudolf Virchows discovery?

A

He discovered that living organisms can only arise or occur or happen from other living organisms. (Biogenesis)
He discovered microscopic observations of cell dividing which are (cells approaching from pre-existing cells) and completed the cell theory.

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5
Q

What are the kinds of cells scientists were able to see?

A

A. Cork Cells
B. Pond Water Organisms
C. Plant Tissue
D. Animal Tissue

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6
Q

Who was the first person to discover cells, see and name cells?

A

Robert Hooke

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7
Q

What did Antony Van Leeuwenhoek discover?

A

He discovered single-celled micro-organisms.

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8
Q

What did Antony Van Leeuwenhoek study?

A

He studied blood cells, pond water and matter scraped from his own teeth.

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9
Q

What did Mattihas Schleiden & Theodor Schwann do?

A

They started to grow the cell theory based on there observations on plant and animal cells.

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10
Q

What are the 3 points to the cell theory?

A
  1. All organisms are made up of 1 or more cells.
  2. The cell is the smallest functional unit of life.
  3. All cells are produced or manufactured by other cells from Virchow.
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11
Q

What does Simple Microscopes mean?

A

The earliest microscopes.

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12
Q

What does Zacharias Jensen use?

A

He used 2 lenses to manufacture a larger image (Compound Microscope)

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13
Q

What are Compound Light Microscopes?

A

If a light is utilized to light up the object being viewed. (Can magnify up to 2000x)

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14
Q

What are Electron Microscopes?

A

They are objects which are too small to be viewed with a light microscope. (higher power)

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15
Q

What is an Electron Micrograph?

A

A photograph of an image from an electron microscope. (Could be magnified up to 22 million)

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16
Q

What is an Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)?

A

It is an electron microscope in which a beam of electrons passes through a specimen to manufacture a 2-dimensional image.

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17
Q

What is an Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)?

A

It is an electron microscope in which a beam of electrons sweeps over a specimen, creating a 3-dimensional image.

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18
Q

What is a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM)?

A

A microscope in which a laser beam is controlled at diverse plants of the specimen, manufacturing a series of 2-dimensional images which can be stacked to manufacture a 3-dimensional image.

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19
Q

What is a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)?

A

A microscope in which electrons flow between a fine metal probe and atoms on the specimen`s surface, while a computer utilizes the details or info sent by the probe to form a 3-dimensional image.

20
Q

What are Genes?

A

Sections or parts of long molecules.

21
Q

What are the 4 Bases that make up DNA?

A

A: Adenine
T: Thymine
C: Cytosine
G: Guanine

22
Q

What is HGP (Human Genome Project)?

A

An international project to sequence all the 20 000 to 25 000 genes that make up a human.

23
Q

What is Adenine paired with (A)?

A

Thymine (T)

24
Q

What is Cytosine paired with (C)?

A

Guanine (G)

25
Q

What is Gene Sequencing?

A

This is used to map the arrangement of all of a gene`s bases and utilizes the sequence information to identify and treat genetic disorders by “correcting” the gene to help cure the disorder (gene therapy)

26
Q

What happens to a cell when a mutation in the genes sequence happens?

A

Cancer may happen

27
Q

What are stem cells (“blank-slates”)?

A

Cells than can become any class of cell in your body.

28
Q

Do Adults have some stem cells in the bone marrow that are utilized to produce new blood cells?

A

Yes.

29
Q

What are Prokaryotes?

A

It is when they have no true nucleus.

30
Q

What are Eukaryotes?

A

It is when they have a true nucleus.

31
Q

What are Organelles?

A

It is when plant and animals have specific functions which are carried out by particular internal cell parts.

32
Q

What is the definition and function of the Cell Membrane?

A

The definition of the cell membrane is a boundary which divides the cell inside from the environment.

The function of the cell membrane is when they move materials in and out of the cell.

33
Q

What is the definition of Vesicles?

A

Small membrane sacs pinched off of the cell membrane.

34
Q

What is the definition and function of the Nucleus?

A

Definition: The manager that controls all of the cell`s activities.

Function: It controls or manages the activities of a cell.

35
Q

What is the definition of a Ribosome?

A

A ribosome is when the messenger molecules connect to larger molecules in the cytoplasm.

36
Q

What does the nucleolus mean?

A

It is a region of the nucleus where ribosomes are produced.

37
Q

What is the definition and function of Lyosomes?

A

Definition: A vesicle including digestive enzymes.

Function:

  1. They smash down food particles.
  2. Some of them preserve the body by killing infectious micro-organisms (kill bacteria).
  3. They destroy or devour old or damaged cell parts.
38
Q

What is the definition and function of a Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Definition: The network of folded membranes and tubes connected or joined with the nucleus.

Function: They produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function.

39
Q

What does Nuclear Pores mean?

A

When materials have the nucleus in the nuclear membrane.

40
Q

What is the definition of a Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)?

A

It is when ribosomes are sprinkled on the surface.

41
Q

What is the definition of a Smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)?

A

It is when there is no ribosomes and it packages proteins or lipids.

42
Q

What is the definition and function of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Definition: Where proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum are modified, repackaged and administered to other locations in the cell.

Function: They are responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles.

43
Q

What is the definition and function of a Mitochondria?

A

Definition: rod-shaped organelle with folded inner membranes.

Function: It is the site of cellular respiration in which chemical energy stored in sugars is converted into useable energy for the cell. (ATP)

44
Q

What is the definition and function of a Centriole?

A

Definition: Cylindrical structures located just outside the nucleus of animal cells.

Function: They help direct the separation of genetic material.

45
Q

What is the definition and function of a Vacuole?

A

Definition: They are balloon-like vesicles that store water, food, minerals or wastes.

Function: They help keep water balance.

46
Q

What is the definition and function of a Cell Wall?

A

Definition: It is a stiff structure which protects and supplies or provides shape and support to plant, fungi and some bacterial cells.

Function: They provide structural strength and support.

47
Q

What is the definition and function of a Chloroplast?

A

Definition: An organelle containing chlorophyll, where photosynthesis occurs.

Function: They produce food (glucose) during photosynthesis, and to store food energy.

Science 10 - Unit 3 (Biology) (5 decks)

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