Chapter 7, Test 2

Question 1

crossbedding

Answer 1

layers of sediment at angles, usually formed from dunes

Question 2

what sources can sedimentary rocks contain

Answer 2

coal
petroleum or natural gas
iron, aluminum, and magnese

Question 3

lithification

Answer 3

unconsolidated sediments are transformed into solid sedimentary rocks by compaction or cementation

Question 4

detrital rocks

Answer 4

made up of solid pieces of weathered rocks

clay minerals, quartz, feldspar, mica

Question 5

chemical rocks

Answer 5

made up of precipitated ions that were once in a solutuon

Question 6

organic rocks

Answer 6

made up of material once living

Question 7

shale

Answer 7

mid sized particles in thin layers that are commonly referred to as lamine

Question 8

sandstone

Answer 8

composed of sand sized particles

quartz is the predominate mineral

Question 9

conglomerate

Answer 9

consists of largely rounded gravels larger than 2mm in diametet

Question 10

breccia

Answer 10

composed of mainly large angular particles larger than 2mm in diameter

Question 11

inorganic process

Answer 11

no previous life

Question 12

organic process

Answer 12

life. example, seashells

Question 13

chemical sedimentary rocks

Answer 13

consists of precipitated material that was once in solution

Question 14

limestone

Answer 14

most abundant-calcite

Question 15

coquina

Answer 15

organic limestone

made up of broken seashells

Question 16

travertine

Answer 16

inorganic limestone
deposited by mineral springs. especially hot springs
example- stalagmites and stactites

Question 17

oolitic

Answer 17

inorganic limestone
grows like snowballs or like tree rings around fine particles in shallow agitated water
example- antelope island

Question 18

dolostone

Answer 18

similar to limestone but contains calcite and magnesium. formation is a mystery. found in Logan canyon

Question 19

chert

Answer 19

made up of microcrystalline quartz
includes Flint and Jasper
lots of arrowheads made of this

Question 20

evaporites

Answer 20

cause deposition of chemical precipitated

example- salt or gypsum. gypsum is made into drywall

Question 21

coal

Answer 21

composed of organic material that has been burried for millions of years. (leaves, bark, wood)

Question 22

stages of coal formation

Answer 22

1-plant material (in a swamp)
2- peat (partly decomposed)
3- lignite (soft brown coal)
4- bituminous (compact black Rock)

Question 23

continental (sedimentary environment)

Answer 23

dominated by erosion and deposition associated with springs
glaciers
winds

Question 24

marine (sedimentary environments)

Answer 24

shallow (about 200 meters)

deep (seaward of continental shelves)

Question 25

transitional (sedimentary environments)

Answer 25

tidal flats
lagoons
Deltas
(shoreline between continents and oceans)

Question 26

strata/beds

Answer 26

rock layers

Question 27

bedding planes

Answer 27

flat surface that seperate the strata

Question 28

graded bed

Answer 28

did sediment that represents decrease in stream transport energy

Question 29

ripple marks

Answer 29

form alone sea shore or stream bed