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GEOLOGY > chapter 4 test 1 > Flashcards

chapter 4 test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

igneous rocks

A

form as molten rock cools and solidifies

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2
Q

extrusive igneous

A

rocks formed from lava that cools at the surface

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3
Q

intrusive igneous

A

rocks formed from magma that crystalizes at depths (plutonic)

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4
Q

liquid melt

A

mobile ions

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5
Q

solids

A

silicate minerals that have already crystalized from the melt

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6
Q

volatiles

A

gases dissolved in the melt

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7
Q

fine grained texture

A

rapid rate of cooling of lava or magma
microscopic crystals
may contain vesicles

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8
Q

coarse grained

A

slow cooling crystals can be identified without a microscope

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9
Q

porpyritic texture

A

minerals form at different cooling temps as well as differing rates
large crystals called phenocrysts

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10
Q

glassy texture

A

very rapid cooling of molten rock

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11
Q

pyroclastic texture

A

various fragments ejected during a violent volcanic eruption

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12
Q

vesicular texture

A

spherical openings called vesicles

common extrusive igneous rocks

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13
Q

felsic

A

granite composition
light colored minerals
has feldspar and silica
viscous

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14
Q

mafic

A

basaltic composition dark minerals
magnesium and ferrum
more dense than granite rocks
less viscous

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15
Q

obsidian

A

dark colored

glassy texture

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16
Q

pumice

A

volcanic
glassy texture
frothy appearance with numerous voids

17
Q

pyroclastic rock

A

composed of fragments ejected during a volcanic eruption
tuff-ash sized fragments
volcanic breccia

18
Q

magmatic differentiation

A

seperation of melt from earlier formed crystals to form a different composition of magma

19
Q

assimilation

A

changing a magmas composition by the incorporation of foreign matter into magma

20
Q

magam mixing

A

involves 2 bodies of magma intruding one another

21
Q

plutons shape

A

sheet like (tabular), massive

22
Q

orientation

A

discordant-cuts across sedimentary rock units

concordant-parallel to sedimentary rock units

23
Q

dike

A

a tabular, discordant pluton

24
Q

sill

A

a tabular, concordant pluton

25
Q

laccolith

A

similar to a sill, lens or mushroom shaped mass

26
Q

batholith

A

largest intrusive body, frequently form the cores of mountains

27
Q

columnar joints

A

produced by contraction and fracturing in lava flow or sill

28
Q

magmatic segregation

A

seperation fo heavy minerals in magma chamber

29
Q

hydrothermal solutions

A

originate from hot, metal rick fluids that are remnants of the late stage magmatic process

30
Q

phaneritic rocks

A

intrusive and cooled below the surface, significant crystal growth

31
Q

aphanitic rocks

A

small crystals, course, cooled quicly

GEOLOGY (9 decks)

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