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Chapter Reviews > Chapter 7 - Sterilization > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Sterilization Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Asepsis

A

Absence of pathogenic microogranisms or disease

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2
Q

Definition of Bacteriocidal

A

Substance that destroys/kills bacteria

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3
Q

Definition of Bacteriostatic

A

Substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria

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4
Q

Definition of Bioburden

A

The number of microbes or amount of organic debris on an object at any given time

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5
Q

What is event related sterility?

A

Sterility determined by how a package is handled and stored rather than time elapsed

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6
Q

Definition of Pathogen

A

Any microbe capable of causing disease or infection

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7
Q

Definition of a Spore

A

Resistant form of bacteria that can form a protective shell and remain dormant to survive in advanced conditions

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8
Q

Name items to remain critically clean for the patient

A

Needles, catheters, implantable devices

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9
Q

Name items to remain semi-critically clean for the patient

A

laryngoscopes, respiratory equipment

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10
Q

Name items to remain noncritically clean for the patient

A

blood pressure cuffs, pulse ox, OR stretcher, furniture

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11
Q

Definition of High-Level Disinfection

A

Kills all microorganisms except spores and prions (CJD)

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12
Q

Definition of Intermediate-Level Disinfection

A

Kills most microorganisms, including bacteria, most viruses and fungi

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13
Q

Definition of Low-Level Disinfection

A

Kills some fungi and viruses, and most bacteria, but is not effective against spores

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14
Q

What is another name for Glutaraldehyde?

A

Cidex

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15
Q

Can Cidex be used with lumens?

A

Yes, it can be completely submerged in

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16
Q

What type of sterilant can be used in rigid and flexible endoscopes?

A

Cidex

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17
Q

What is the shelf life of Cidex with and without a surfactant?

A

without - 14 days

with - 28 days

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18
Q

What should instruments and scopes that were sterilized with Cidex be washed with?

A

Sterile water

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19
Q

What is the time for Cidex to be a high-level disinfection?

A

20 minutes

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20
Q

What is the time for Cidex to be a sterilant?

A

10 hours

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21
Q

What is the generic name of Sodium Hypochlorite?

A

Household bleach

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22
Q

What action odoes Sodium Hypochlorite do to the cell?

A

Disrupts cellular metabolism

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23
Q

Where is Sodium Hypochlorite mainly used?

A

Surfaces, floors, and equipment- also cleaning blood and body fluid spills

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24
Q

What is another name for Phenol?

A

Carbolic Acid

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25
Q

What is the action of Phenol?

A

It denatures enzymes and causes lysis of cells

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26
Q

What is the 2 types of Alcohol?

A

Isopropyl and Ethyl Alcohol

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27
Q

Where is Alcohol most useful in cleaning?

A

Disinfecting small noncritical surfaces

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28
Q

What is the action of Alcohol?

A

Denaturation, lysis, and metabolic interruption of cells

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29
Q

True/False

You can clean surgical instruments with alcohol

A

False

Highly corrosive to stainless steel

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30
Q

Can Alcohol be used on endoscopes?

A

No, it breaks down the cement

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31
Q

What type of cloth should be used for ‘damp dusting’?

A

Lint free

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32
Q

How should damp dusting work?

A

Highest surface (OR lights) to lowest

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33
Q

A basin of __________ should be available within the sterile field for soaking and cleaning instruments

A

Sterile water

Never use saline as it can cause corrosion of the metal

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34
Q

When should instruments be cleaned during the case?

A

Between each use

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35
Q

When should eye protection be worn?

A

On all cases

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36
Q

Where should the sharps be disposed?

A

In a puncture-proof sharps container

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37
Q

When is ‘terminal cleaning’ performed?

A

End of day

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38
Q

Do OR’s have positive or negative pressure?

A

Negative pressure

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39
Q

How many air exchanges are there per hour in the OR?

A

10-15

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40
Q

What is the temperature of the OR?

A

64-70 F

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41
Q

What is the humidity of the OR?

A

35-72%

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42
Q

What where does the decontamination process begin?

A

In the OR at the point of surgical use

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43
Q

What type of cleaner are instruments put in during transport from OR to Decontamination?

A

Enzymatic solution

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44
Q

How should heavy instruments be placed in a tray?

A

At the bottom, lighter instruments on top

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45
Q

Definition of Chelation

A

Process of binding minerals, such as iron and magnesium, in the solution. Prevents their deposit on the surface of surgical instruments

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46
Q

Definition of Emulsification

A

The acting of dispersing 2 liquids not capable of being mixed

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47
Q

Instruments are soaked in cold/lukewarm/hot water with _________ with a high/neutral/low pH

A

lukewarm, detergent, neutral pH

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48
Q

Why can you not mix different metals in the Washer-Sterilizer?

A

An electrolytic conduction reaction can occur which can cause the instruments to fuse together

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49
Q

What is the temperature used during Steam Sterilization?

A

270F

50
Q

Definition of the ultrasonic cleaner

A

removes small organic particles and soil from areas of instrumentation that manual or mechanical cleaning cannot reach

51
Q

What is the term the ultrasonic cleaner does?

A

Cavitation

52
Q

Why is Hydrogen Peroxide used in flushing a lumen?

A

The solution reacts with blood causing foam and will disappear when blood has been rinsed away

53
Q

Definition of IUSS

A

Immediate Use Steam Sterilization

Items are placed in an open tray or covered rigid container that is specially designed to allow rapid steam penetration

54
Q

Which sterilizer is required for Tyvek wrapped items?

A

Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization

55
Q

What material can Woven Textiles be made of?

A

Cotton or blends of cotton with synthetic polyester

56
Q

What is the thread count of woven textiles?

A

180, 240, 272, 288

57
Q

What item is placed between the instrument tray and barrier to absorb residual moisture?

A

Towel

58
Q

What is Muslin wrappers made of?

A

Cotton

59
Q

Name the thread count of Muslin wrap

A

140 thread count

60
Q

Paper-Plastic combinations are used in ________ and _______ sterilization

A

Steam, Eto

61
Q

Tyvek-plastic combination use _____ and _____

A

Eto, Sterrad

62
Q

What is the max weight of muslin wrapped items?

A

12 pounds

63
Q

What is the max weight of instrument trays?

A

25 pounds

64
Q

How are basins placed within the autoclave?

A

Nested within each other, a towel must be placed between each space

65
Q

What is the max weight of wrapped basin sets?

A

7 pounds

66
Q

Name the key components required to be on the packaging label for sterilized instruments

A

Name of tray, date of sterilization, sterilizer used, cycle/load number, employee initials, department item belongs to

67
Q

Definition of Julian Date

A

indicates the date of sterilization (1-365)

March 1, 2015 is 60

68
Q

Why is steam sterilization mostly used?

A

Dependable, inexpensive

69
Q

Gravity Displacement Steam Sterilization

What is the temperature and duration used for wrapped instrument sets?

A

250 F - 30 minutes
270 F - 15 minutes
Drying time is 15-30 minutes

70
Q

Gravity Displacement Steam Sterilization

What is the temperature and duration used for unwrapped instruments, no lumen

A

270 F - 3 minutes

Drying time is 0-1 minute

71
Q

Gravity Displacement Steam Sterilization

What is the temperature and duration used for unwrapped instrument set with some lumens

A

270 F - 10 minutes

Drying time is 0-1 minute

72
Q

What is the time and temp used to killed Geobacillus stearothermophillus?

A

12 minutes, 250 F under steam sterilization

73
Q

What is the ratio of steam to water in the autoclave?

A

97% steam to 3% water

74
Q

How does steam get into the autoclave?

A

A jacket around the chamber

75
Q

How does a Gravity Displacement Sterilizer work?

A

Relies on gravity to passively remove air from the sterilization chamber

76
Q

In Gravity Displacement Sterilization, ______ is heavier than ______

A

Air is heavier than steam

77
Q

What sterilization method uses the Bowie-Dick test?

A

Prevacuum-type sterilization cycle

78
Q

What does the Bowie-Dick test check for?

A

In vacuum sterilization cycles to check for air removal and entrapment

79
Q

When is the Bowie-Dick test performed?

A

Daily, at the end of the first run of the day

80
Q

What was the old term for IUSS?

A

Flash

81
Q

What is the purpose of the IUSS?

A

To process sterilizing unwrapped instruments, such as items that have been dropped during surgery

82
Q

Can you use IUSS on implantable devices?

A

No

83
Q

What are the most common temperatures for Gravity Sterilization?

A

250 - 275 F

121 - 135 C

84
Q

What is the psi for gravity sterilization?

A

15-17 psi

85
Q

What are the common temperatures for prevacuum sterilizers?

A

270-275 F

132 - 135 C

86
Q

What is the psi for prevacuum sterilizers?

A

27-30 psi

87
Q

What are the 4 methods of monitoring steam sterilization?

A

Mechanical, Chemical, Biological, Administrative (documentation)

88
Q

Where are chemical indicators used?

A

Externally and internally

89
Q

What does the chemical indicator indicate?

A

The item was introduced to a specific temperature, humidity, and sterilant

90
Q

Name an example of a chemical indicator

A

Autoclave tape

91
Q

What are internal steam chemical indicators and where are they placed?

A

Indicate items been introduced to sterilization and are placed in the center of the tray. Items include peel packs, packages, and instrument trays

92
Q

On rigid instrument containers, what does color does the chemical indicator dot change to?

A

Black

93
Q

Definition of a biological indicator

A

A device that contains a specific type of microorganism that is killed when exposed to the sterilizing conditions

94
Q

Why is the biological indicator so important?

A

This is the only test that guarantees items are sterile and the conditions for sterilization has been met

95
Q

What bacterial spore does the biological indicator contain?

A

Geobacillus stearothermophilus

96
Q

How long are BI’s incubated for?

A

24 hours

97
Q

What temperature is the steam BI incubated in?

A

131-140 F

55-55 C

98
Q

Which organizations monitor the BI?

A

AAMI, AHA, AORN, CDC, and TJC

99
Q

In sterilization, what is considered contaminated?

A

If an item is wet or moisture occurs within item

100
Q

What is the term for microorganisms finding a pathway from the outside inside?

A

Wicking

101
Q

What is the name of the sterilization method EtO?

A

Ethylene Oxide

102
Q

When should EtO be used?

A

To process materials that cannot be processed using steam sterilization such as heat or moisture sensitive materials

103
Q

Why is EtO not used often?

A

Very risky to personnel, very expensive, takes 16 hours to sterilize, and items must be ‘aired out’ before use

104
Q

Why is EtO risky?

A

The gas is flammable and very toxic ranging from skin irritation to respiratory difficulty, headaches, and nausea

105
Q

How is EtO damaging to Earth?

A

It produces CFCs, chlorofluorocarbons which can damage the ozone layer

106
Q

What temperature is used in EtO sterilization?

A

85-145 F

107
Q

What is the humidity range for EtO sterilization?

A

30-80 %

108
Q

What chemical forms if lumen instruments are wet when they go through the EtO process?

A

Antifreeze

109
Q

Name the color change of the EtO chemical indicator

A

Green to Brown

110
Q

What is the Biological Indicator for EtO

A

Bacillus atrophaeus

111
Q

How long are EtO’s BI’s incubated for?

A

48 hours at 95-98.6 F

112
Q

What is the common name for Hydrogen Peroxide Gas Plasma?

A

Sterrad

113
Q

How is Sterrad and EtO similar and not?

A

Uses gas at low temp to sterilize heat/moisture sensitive items. Sterrad is safer to use

114
Q

Can you use Sterrad in lumen items?

A

No, it is too difficult to reach through the lume

115
Q

What type of wrapping can be used with Sterrad?

A

Polypropylene or other synthetic, nonwoven material, Tyvek

116
Q

What is the chemical indicator color change for Sterrad?

A

Dark blue to pink

117
Q

What are the cycle time ranges for Sterrad?

A

28-38 minutes

118
Q

What are the two Liquid Chemical Sterilization Process?

A

Steris (peracetic acid) and Cidex (glutaraldehyde)

119
Q

Name the duration of a Steris cycle

A

23 minutes

120
Q

What is the temperature for Steris on flexible or rigid endoscope sterilization?

A

122 F (50 C)

121
Q

What is the Biological Indicator for Sterris?

A

Geobacillius Stearothermophillus

122
Q

What is Event Related Sterility?

A

When an item was rendered sterile, not the expiration date

Chapter Reviews (4 decks)

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