Chapter 4 - Special Populations

Question 1

What is the age range for a pediatric patient?

Answer 1

0-18 years old

Question 2

What is the age range of a Neonate?

Answer 2

0-28 days

Question 3

What is the age range of an Infant?

Answer 3

2-18 months

Question 4

What is the age range of a Toddler?

Answer 4

19-30 months

Question 5

What is the age range of a Preschooler?

Answer 5

31 months - 5 years

Question 6

What is the age range of School Age?

Answer 6

6-12 years

Question 7

What is the age range of an Adolescent?

Answer 7

13-18 years

Question 8

Name the most common fear of pediatric patients?

Answer 8

Separation anxiety and thoughts of abandonment

Question 9

What are the critical parameters to monitor for the pediatric patient?

Answer 9

Temp, urine output, cardiac function, and oxygenation

Question 10

What ability do pediatric patients lack?

Answer 10

Shivering

Question 11

Where are temperatures monitored?

Answer 11

Rectal, esophageal, tympanic, axillary, and skin temp

Question 12

Why are neonates and infants not catheterized?

Answer 12

High risk of trauma to the smaller urethra

Question 13

What is the urine output for a pediatric patient?

Answer 13

1-2 mL/kg/hr

Question 14

In pediatric patients, where is the central venous catheter placed?

Answer 14

Subclavian or internal jugular vein in older children

Question 15

What are the two common types of shock?

Answer 15

Septic and hypovolemic

Question 16

What is the most common type of shock in infants and children?

Answer 16

Septic shock

Question 17

Neonate vs Adult response to hypovolemic shock?

Answer 17

Neonate - bradycardia

Adult - tachycardia

Question 18

Most common cause of hypovolemic shock in infants?

Answer 18

Dehydration

Question 19

What type of bacteria usually causes septic shock?

Answer 19

Gram negative bacteria

Question 20

What is the first sign of post op infection?

Answer 20

Fever

Question 21

Where are commons post op infections?

Answer 21

Lungs, surgical wound, urinary tract, and vascular areas

Question 22

What are the 3 antibiotics that cannot be given to children?

Answer 22

Sulfonamides, Chloramphenicol, and Tetracyclines

Question 23

What antibiotic is given to pediatric patients with enterocolitis? (overgrowth of c difficile)

Answer 23

Vancomycin

Question 24

What is the leading cause of death in pediatric patients?

Answer 24

Accidents, mostly car accidents, falls, bicycle accidents, drowning, burns, and poisonings

Question 25

What is the first priority of each trauma patient?

Answer 25

To establish an airway

Question 26

Define pneumothorax

Answer 26

accumulation of air in the pleural cavity

Question 27

What is the most common traumatic injury during birth?

Answer 27

Bone fractures, liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and nerve injuries

Question 28

Which bone is the most common fracture during birth?

Answer 28

Clavicle

Question 29

Define shoulder dystocia

Answer 29

Dystocia (difficult birth) - when the baby’s head is delivered but the shoulders cannot be delivered because they are too wide

Question 30

What follows a traumatic injury to the sternocleidomastoid muscle during birth?

Answer 30

A hematoma or torticollis