Chapter 4 - Special Populations Flashcards
What is the age range for a pediatric patient?
0-18 years old
What is the age range of a Neonate?
0-28 days
What is the age range of an Infant?
2-18 months
What is the age range of a Toddler?
19-30 months
What is the age range of a Preschooler?
31 months - 5 years
What is the age range of School Age?
6-12 years
What is the age range of an Adolescent?
13-18 years
Name the most common fear of pediatric patients?
Separation anxiety and thoughts of abandonment
What are the critical parameters to monitor for the pediatric patient?
Temp, urine output, cardiac function, and oxygenation
What ability do pediatric patients lack?
Shivering
Where are temperatures monitored?
Rectal, esophageal, tympanic, axillary, and skin temp
Why are neonates and infants not catheterized?
High risk of trauma to the smaller urethra
What is the urine output for a pediatric patient?
1-2 mL/kg/hr
In pediatric patients, where is the central venous catheter placed?
Subclavian or internal jugular vein in older children
What are the two common types of shock?
Septic and hypovolemic
What is the most common type of shock in infants and children?
Septic shock
Neonate vs Adult response to hypovolemic shock?
Neonate - bradycardia
Adult - tachycardia
Most common cause of hypovolemic shock in infants?
Dehydration
What type of bacteria usually causes septic shock?
Gram negative bacteria
What is the first sign of post op infection?
Fever
Where are commons post op infections?
Lungs, surgical wound, urinary tract, and vascular areas
What are the 3 antibiotics that cannot be given to children?
Sulfonamides, Chloramphenicol, and Tetracyclines
What antibiotic is given to pediatric patients with enterocolitis? (overgrowth of c difficile)
Vancomycin
What is the leading cause of death in pediatric patients?
Accidents, mostly car accidents, falls, bicycle accidents, drowning, burns, and poisonings
