Chapter 7: Social Thinking Flashcards
How do we judge people?
Based on appearances, verbal behavior, their actions, and non verbal messages
What is the theory behind biological need for interpersonal relationships?
Need to belong theory
What is social cognition?
The way people perceive, interpret and categorize actions (whether their own or others)
Which theory explains distinct human emotions?
Discrete emotions theory
Who was the thinker behind Primary Emotions Theory?
Paul Ekman
What is the difference between Primary and Secondary emotions?
Primary emotions can be categorized by universal emotions. (Anger, sadness, disgust etc) Secondary emotions are a combination (Fear + Surprise = Alarm)
Why are self emotional reports invalid?
Has low validity, and are often impacted by personal bias
What influences our behavior in certain situations?
Situational Cues
Why do we make snap judgements?
Our brains are lazy, and making snap moment judgements save us energy
What kind of judgment is used to deal with individuals who impact our welfare and happiness?
Systematic judgment
What is an attribution?
Inferences we draw to explain behaviour
Dispositional vs Situational Attribution
Behavior caused by the person vs behavior caused by the situation
What is the name of the phenomenon where we search for things which verify our biases?
Confirmation bias
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Results as a result of our thinking, and or our behavior
What is the term used to describe separating people into social groups by race, gender, ethnicity?
Social Catagorization
What causes us to see out-group members as more alike than they actually are?
Out-group Homogeneity Effect
What is implicit attitude?
A person which is unaware of their attitude
What happens if we generalize a group of people?
Results in sterotypes
What causes us to distrust anyone unfamiliar or strange?
Adaptive conservatism
What is Fundamental Attribution Error?
Using dispositional attribution to explain the behavior of other people
Where First impressions, and last impressions leave a lasting impact on us
The primary effect
Negative attitude towards a specific group of people, matter of attitude
Prejudice
Behaving differently towards a group of people, matter of action
Discrimination
What explains the belief that people will get what they deserve?
Belief in a just world
Why do we separate people into in-groups and out-groups?
Because of cognitive distortion
What is realistic conflict theory?
Amount of conflict = determines amount of prejudice
Targets of stereotypes begin to internalize those stereotypes
Stereotype threat
What kind of goals override differences among people, requiring cooperation?
Superordinate Goals
What is the difference between Central and Peripheral routes of persuasion?
Careful, deliberate vs superficial info, snap judgements
Why are we nice to those who are nice to us?
Norm of repocity
What kind of conformity is used to appeal to others, whilst avoiding deviance?
Normative influence
In what experiment was Informal influence used?
Milgrim Experiment
What is informal influence?
Any type of leadership that is not based upon formal authority
When is obedience the strongest?
Others taking responsibility for your actions, you are motivated to meet an authority figure’s expectations, or if you have little time to think about your actions
What is the difference between conformity and compliance?
Conformity is voluntary while compliance is enforced
What is a motor program
Physiological response that is common for all humans. For example clenches teeth when angry
What is the robbers cave experiment
Based on realistic conflict theory
Experiment was done one 11 year old boys who were split into two group. They began a rivalry but when asked to work together they became friends
What are the 3 persuasion strategies
Foot in the door technique
Door in the face technique
Low ball technique
Foot in the door technique
making a small request before making a bigger on
Door in the face technique
making an unreasonably large request before making a small request (the one you wanted anyway)
Low ball technique
seller starts by quoting a price below actual sale price. Then
mentions the desirable add-ons
Ads that make it seem like something bad will happen if you do not
comply
Appeals to fear
What is the - tendency of people to change their behaviour because of group
influence
Conformity
The asch paradigm
series of tests to see the extent of social pressure in conformity
Matching lines experiment we saw in psych 30
Unanimity
If someone says the right answer (the answer you think is right) you are less likely to conform with the majority
Difference in the wrong answer
Someone else picks a answer that differs from the group even if this isnt your answer you are less likely to conform
Size of the majority
Only strong when group size is stronger then for members. Number of people in the majority doesnt matter
Compliance
when your behaviour is caused by social pressure and does not affect your private beliefs. Example bullying people on roblox cause your friends are doing it even tho you think its wrong
Bystander effect
bystanders want to help, but often find themselves ‘frozen’ and unable to help. More people means less likely to help
Diffusion of responsibility
we are less likely to assist in a large group because responsibility to help is shared (someone else will do it)
Deindividuation
the tendency to engage in an atypical behaviour when stripped of your
identity Example being toxic on twitter
