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Psychology 203 > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

what % receive psychotherapy at some point?

A

20%

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2
Q

how many North Americans per year re- ceive psychotherapy?

A

20 million

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3
Q

who are the most common providers of treatment?

A

psychologists and psychiatrists

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4
Q

Determinants of psychotherapists

A

-warm and direct
-establish working relationships
-select important topics
-match treatment to client’s needs

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5
Q

three essential features of all therapies

A
  1. sufferer who seeks help
  2. a trained, socially accepted healer
  3. a series of contacts with the goal of changing attitudes. emotional states, or behaviors
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6
Q

free association (psychoanalysis)

A

patients express themselves without censorship

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7
Q

dream interpretation (psychoanalysis)

A

dreams express unconscious feelings, the therapist can interpret these

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8
Q

manifest content

A

consciously remembered dream

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9
Q

latent content

A

symbolic meaning of dream

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10
Q

resistance

A

ttempts to avoid confrontation associat- ed with uncovering repressed thoughts, emotions, and impulses

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11
Q

Transference

A

projecting intense, unrealistic feelings and expectations from the past onto the therapist

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12
Q

Amplification

A

expand on dream associations

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13
Q

prognostic dreams

A

dreams that foretell the future

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14
Q

strengths of psychodynamic therapies

A

-demonstrate the value of systemically applying both therapy and techniques to treatment
-suggest the potential of psychological instead of biological treatment
-their ideas have served as a starting point for many other psychological treatments

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15
Q

Criticism of psychodynamic therapies

A

effectiveness not supported by research

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16
Q

humanists

A

we are all born with the tools to fulfill our potential

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17
Q

existentialists

A

accept responsibility for our lives and choices

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18
Q

What was the goal of Roger’s Client-Centered Therapy?

A

to create an environment in which clients can see themselves honestly with ac- ceptance

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19
Q

client-centered therapy

A

supportive environment for clients to feel accepted and to accept self

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20
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

total acceptance of client

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21
Q

accurate empathy

A

skillful listening

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22
Q

genuineness

A

sincere communication

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23
Q

Strengths of humanistic therapies

A

-appealing to clinicians
-emphasize positive human qualities

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24
Q

criticisms of humanistic therapies

A

-difficult to research and little research has been done
-partially supported by research

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25
Q

individual therapy

A

one on one with therapist and client

26
Q

group therapy

A

therapists meet with several clients with similar problems simutaneously

27
Q

self-help groups

A

people with similar problems meet for support without guidance from clinician

28
Q

guidance

A

information and advice from members

29
Q

identification

A

models of appropriate behavior

30
Q

Cohesiveness

A

solidarity where risks can be taken and accepting of criticism

31
Q

universality

A

others have similar problems

32
Q

altruism

A

developing feelings of self worth

33
Q

Family therapy

A

whole family meets with therapist, who considers family interactions

34
Q

Family Systems Theory

A

each family has own rules, structure, and communication patterns that shape be- havior

35
Q

couple therapy

A

Two people in a relationship meet togeth- er with therapist to consider relationship structure and communication

36
Q

What is the goal of behavioral therapies

A

to discover specific problem-causing behaviors and replace them with healthy behaviors

37
Q

what is behavioral therapy often effective with?

A

phobias and anxiety issues

38
Q

response prevention

A

critical that therapists prevent patients from performing avoidance behav

39
Q

token economy

A

desirable behaviors are rewarded with tokens that patients can exchange for tangible rewards

40
Q

modelling techniques

A

Therapists exhibit appropriate behaviors so client can imitate, rehearse, and in- corporate the behaviors into their lives

41
Q

social skills training

A

therapists discuss social deficits and role play social situations with the client

42
Q

what are behavioral therapy successful for

A

widely studied in research and strongly supported
-effective for numerous problems, includ- ing specific fears, social deficits, and in- tellectual disabilities

43
Q

Criticisms of behavioural therapies

A

-changes sometimes require later thera- pies to sustain
-not effective with disorders in which dis- tress is non-specific, such as general- ized anxiety disorder

44
Q

Cognitive-behavioral model

A

behavioral therapies are usually used along with cognitive therapies

45
Q

cognitive views of abnormal behavior

A

disorders are caused or worsened by maladaptive thinking

46
Q

what are the three kinds of cognitive-be- havioral therapies?

A
  1. Ellis’ rational-emotive behavioral ther- apy
  2. Beck’s cognitive therapy
  3. second-wave cognitive-behavioral therapies
47
Q

Ellis’ Rational-Emotive Therapy

A

goal is to identify irrational assumptions that lead to negative emotional and behavioral responses

48
Q

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

A

identifying and modifying distorted thinking and negative core beliefs

49
Q

what is Beck’s Cognitive therapy widely used for?

A

depression
about as effective as drug therapy for depression (2/3 improve)
also used for panic and social anxiety disorder

50
Q

Second-wave cognitive-behavioural therapies

A

recognize problematic thoughts as just thoughts; clients accept thoughts rather than try to eliminate them

51
Q

Psychopharmacotherapy (drug therapy)

A

The treatment of mental disorders with medication.

52
Q

therapeutic drugs fall into four main catergories:

A
  1. Antianxiety drugs
  2. Antipsychotic drugs
  3. Antidepressant drugs
  4. Mood stabilizers
53
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Valium and Xanax
fast relief
increases GABA = calming effect

54
Q

when was the accidental discovery of antipsychotic drugs?

A

1950s

55
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia re- sult form what?

A

overactivity of the dopamine pathway

56
Q

Antidepressants

A

Fluoxetine, Sertraline, and Paroxetine block reabsorption of serotonin from the synapse

57
Q

Side effects of antidepressants

A

weight gain, sleep problems, sexual dys- function

58
Q

mood stabilizers

A

treat shifts in mood between depression and maniac in bipolar disorder
Lithium

59
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

used to treat depression by sending an electrical current through the brain, pro- ducing a brain seizure

60
Q

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A

uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain to improve symptoms of depression

61
Q

how does TMS work?

A

he electromagnetic coil is placed on the patient’s head and sends current into the prefrontal cortex

62
Q

Harmful therapies(4)

A

-spontaneous remission
-placebo effect
-self-serving bias
-regression to the mean -retrospective rewriting of the past

Psychology 203 (5 decks)

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