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A & P Unit 2 > Chapter 7: Skeleton > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What is the body’s most complex bony structure?

A

the skull

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2
Q

How does the frontal bone articulate with the parietal bones?

A

the frontal bone articulates posteriorly with the parietal bones via the coronal suture

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3
Q

What do the parietal bones form?

A

The most superior and lateral aspects of the skull (the tops and the sides)

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4
Q

What are the 4 sutures associated with the parietal bones?

A

Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Lamboid suture
Squamosal suture

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5
Q

Coronal suture

A

articulation between parietal bones and frontal bone anteriorly

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6
Q

Sagittal suture is where

A

right and left parietal bones meet superiorly

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7
Q

Lamboid suture is where

A

parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly

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8
Q

Squamosal suture is where

A

parietal and temporal bones meet

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9
Q

What does the occipital bone form?

A

It forms most of the skull’s posterior wall and base.

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10
Q

Occipitomastoid suture is where

A

the occipital and temporal bones meet

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11
Q

What do the temporal bones form?

A

They form the inferolateral aspects of the skull and parts of the cranial floor

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12
Q

How many regions are the temporal bones divided in to?

A 
4 major regions
squamous
tympanic
mastoid
petrous
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13
Q

Describe the shape of the sphenoid bone

A

it is the butterfly-shaped bone that spans the width of the middle cranial fossa

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14
Q

What is unique about the sphenoid bone and its articulations?

A

It forms the central wedge that articulates with all other cranial bones

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15
Q

What is unique about the ethmoid bone?

A

it is the most deep of the skull bones and lies between the sphenoid and nasal bones

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16
Q

Describe wormian bones

A

They are tiny irregular shaped bones that appear within sutures

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17
Q

How many bones make up the facial bones?

A

14

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18
Q

Which 2 facial bones are unpaired?

A

the mandible and vomer are unpaired

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19
Q

Describe how the maxillary bones are fused and what they make up.

A

The maxillary bones are medially fused bones that make up the upper jaw and the central portion of the facial skeleton

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20
Q

the maxillary bones articulate with

A

all other facial bones except the mandible

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21
Q

What is another name for the zygomatic bones?

A

Cheekbones

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22
Q

Be able to label bones of the skull

A

everything that was discussed in lecture is fair game

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23
Q

What are the seven bones that form the orbits?

A 
Frontal
Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Palatine
Lacrimal
Ethmoid
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24
Q

What is the nasal cavity constructed of?

A

It is constructed of bone and hyaline cartilage

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25
Q

What is unique about the hyoid bone?

A

They hyoid bone is the only bone in the body that does not articulate directly with another bone.

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26
Q

What are intervertebral discs composed of?

A

It’s the cushion like pad that is composed of two parts

nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus

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27
Q

what is nucleus pulposus?

A

its the inner gelatinous nucleus that gives the discs its elasticity and compressibility

28
Q

what is annulus fibrosus?

A

it surrounds the nucleus pulposus with a collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage

29
Q

What is another name for C1 and C2?

A

Atlas and Axis

30
Q

What is unique about C1?

A

it has no body and no spinous process

31
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

C1-C7

32
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

T1-T12

33
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

L1-L5

34
Q

How many sacrum vertebrae are there?

A

5 fused

S1-S5

35
Q

How many coccyx vertebrae are there?

A

4 fused

36
Q

What is the bony thorax composed of?

A

the thoracic vertebrae dorsally, the ribs laterally, and the sternum and costal cartilages anteriorly

37
Q

what is the shape classification of the sternum?

A

a daggered-shaped, flat bone

38
Q

What are the 3 bones that fused together to make up the sternum?

A

the superior manubrium, the body and the inferior xiphoid process

39
Q

Which ribs are true?

A

the superior 7 pair

40
Q

Which ribs are false?

A

Ribs 8-10

41
Q

Which ribs are floating?

A

Ribs 11 and 12

42
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

80 bones segregated into 3 regions
skull
vertebral column
bony thorax

43
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

it’s made up of the bones in the limbs and their girdles (pectoral and pelvic)

44
Q

What is the shape classification of the clavicles?

A

slender, double curved long bones

45
Q

What is the shape classification of the scapulae?

A

triangular, flat bones

46
Q

What is the sole arm bone?

A

humerus

47
Q

What bones form the forearm?

A

the radius and the ulna

48
Q

Describe the articulation of the bones in the forearm with the humerus and carpals.

A

The radius and ulna articulate proximally with the humerus and distally with the wrist bones. They also articulate with each other proximally and distally at small radioulnar joints

49
Q

Describe how the ulna and radius lie to one another. Which bone is longer?

A

The ulna lies medially in the forearm and is slightly longer than the radius.
The radius lies lateral to the the ulna.

50
Q

How do the radius and ulna articulate with one another?

A

They articulate with each other proximally and distally at small radioulnar joints

51
Q

How many bones make up the wrist?

A

8 bones

52
Q

What are the bones that make up the wrist?

“Straight line to pinky, here comes the thumb”

going in a circle

A 
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate 
Hamate
53
Q

Where do metacarpals radiate from and what do they form?

A

from the wrist to form the palm

54
Q

In regards to the phalanges, what is unique about the thumb?

A

the thumb has no middle phalanx

55
Q

What does the ilium form?

A

the superior region of the coxal bone

56
Q

What does the ischium form?

A

the posteroinferior part of the hip bone

57
Q

What does the pubis form?

A

the anterior portion of the hip bone

58
Q

What is unique about the femur?

Describe how it articulates with the hip and tibia/fibula.

A

it’s the largest and strongest bone of the body

it articulates proximally with the hip and distally with the tibia and fibula

59
Q

Where do you find interosseous membrane?

A

between the tibia and fibula, also between the radius and ulna

60
Q

Explain articulations of tibia/fibula with femur and tarsals.

A

They articulate with the femur proximally and with the ankle bones distally

61
Q

Describe how the tibia and fibula lie to one another.

A

the fibula is located laterally to the tibia

62
Q

How many bones make up the ankle?

A

7 tarsals

63
Q

What are the tarsal bones?

Tiger Cubs Need MILC

A 
calcaneus
talus
cuboid
navicular
medial cuneiform
intermediate cuneiform
lateral cuneiform
64
Q

Describe how the talus articulates with the tibia/fibula and calcaneus.

A

The talus articulates with the tibia and fibula superiorly and the calcaneus inferiorly

65
Q

what does the calcaneus form?

A

the heel of the foot

A & P Unit 2 (5 decks)

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