Chapter 7: Skeleton

Question 1

What is the body’s most complex bony structure?

Answer 1

the skull

Question 2

How does the frontal bone articulate with the parietal bones?

Answer 2

the frontal bone articulates posteriorly with the parietal bones via the coronal suture

Question 3

What do the parietal bones form?

Answer 3

The most superior and lateral aspects of the skull (the tops and the sides)

Question 4

What are the 4 sutures associated with the parietal bones?

Answer 4

Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Lamboid suture
Squamosal suture

Question 5

Coronal suture

Answer 5

articulation between parietal bones and frontal bone anteriorly

Question 6

Sagittal suture is where

Answer 6

right and left parietal bones meet superiorly

Question 7

Lamboid suture is where

Answer 7

parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly

Question 8

Squamosal suture is where

Answer 8

parietal and temporal bones meet

Question 9

What does the occipital bone form?

Answer 9

It forms most of the skull’s posterior wall and base.

Question 10

Occipitomastoid suture is where

Answer 10

the occipital and temporal bones meet

Question 11

What do the temporal bones form?

Answer 11

They form the inferolateral aspects of the skull and parts of the cranial floor

Question 12

How many regions are the temporal bones divided in to?

Answer 12

4 major regions
squamous
tympanic
mastoid
petrous

Question 13

Describe the shape of the sphenoid bone

Answer 13

it is the butterfly-shaped bone that spans the width of the middle cranial fossa

Question 14

What is unique about the sphenoid bone and its articulations?

Answer 14

It forms the central wedge that articulates with all other cranial bones

Question 15

What is unique about the ethmoid bone?

Answer 15

it is the most deep of the skull bones and lies between the sphenoid and nasal bones

Question 16

Describe wormian bones

Answer 16

They are tiny irregular shaped bones that appear within sutures

Question 17

How many bones make up the facial bones?

Answer 17

14

Question 18

Which 2 facial bones are unpaired?

Answer 18

the mandible and vomer are unpaired

Question 19

Describe how the maxillary bones are fused and what they make up.

Answer 19

The maxillary bones are medially fused bones that make up the upper jaw and the central portion of the facial skeleton

Question 20

the maxillary bones articulate with

Answer 20

all other facial bones except the mandible

Question 21

What is another name for the zygomatic bones?

Answer 21

Cheekbones

Question 22

Be able to label bones of the skull

Answer 22

everything that was discussed in lecture is fair game

Question 23

What are the seven bones that form the orbits?

Answer 23

Frontal
Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Palatine
Lacrimal
Ethmoid

Question 24

What is the nasal cavity constructed of?

Answer 24

It is constructed of bone and hyaline cartilage

Question 25

What is unique about the hyoid bone?

Answer 25

They hyoid bone is the only bone in the body that does not articulate directly with another bone.

Question 26

What are intervertebral discs composed of?

Answer 26

It's the cushion like pad that is composed of two parts | nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus

Question 27

what is nucleus pulposus?

Answer 27

its the inner gelatinous nucleus that gives the discs its elasticity and compressibility

Question 28

what is annulus fibrosus?

Answer 28

it surrounds the nucleus pulposus with a collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage

Question 29

What is another name for C1 and C2?

Answer 29

Atlas and Axis

Question 30

What is unique about C1?

Answer 30

it has no body and no spinous process

Question 31

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 31

7 | C1-C7

Question 32

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 32

12 | T1-T12

Question 33

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 33

5 | L1-L5

Question 34

How many sacrum vertebrae are there?

Answer 34

5 fused | S1-S5

Question 35

How many coccyx vertebrae are there?

Answer 35

4 fused

Question 36

What is the bony thorax composed of?

Answer 36

the thoracic vertebrae dorsally, the ribs laterally, and the sternum and costal cartilages anteriorly

Question 37

what is the shape classification of the sternum?

Answer 37

a daggered-shaped, flat bone

Question 38

What are the 3 bones that fused together to make up the sternum?

Answer 38

the superior manubrium, the body and the inferior xiphoid process

Question 39

Which ribs are true?

Answer 39

the superior 7 pair

Question 40

Which ribs are false?

Answer 40

Ribs 8-10

Question 41

Which ribs are floating?

Answer 41

Ribs 11 and 12

Question 42

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 42

80 bones segregated into 3 regions skull vertebral column bony thorax

Question 43

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 43

it's made up of the bones in the limbs and their girdles (pectoral and pelvic)

Question 44

What is the shape classification of the clavicles?

Answer 44

slender, double curved long bones

Question 45

What is the shape classification of the scapulae?

Answer 45

triangular, flat bones

Question 46

What is the sole arm bone?

Answer 46

humerus

Question 47

What bones form the forearm?

Answer 47

the radius and the ulna

Question 48

Describe the articulation of the bones in the forearm with the humerus and carpals.

Answer 48

The radius and ulna articulate proximally with the humerus and distally with the wrist bones. They also articulate with each other proximally and distally at small radioulnar joints

Question 49

Describe how the ulna and radius lie to one another. Which bone is longer?

Answer 49

The ulna lies medially in the forearm and is slightly longer than the radius. The radius lies lateral to the the ulna.

Question 50

How do the radius and ulna articulate with one another?

Answer 50

They articulate with each other proximally and distally at small radioulnar joints

Question 51

How many bones make up the wrist?

Answer 51

8 bones

Question 52

What are the bones that make up the wrist? "Straight line to pinky, here comes the thumb" going in a circle

Answer 52

``` Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate ```

Question 53

Where do metacarpals radiate from and what do they form?

Answer 53

from the wrist to form the palm

Question 54

In regards to the phalanges, what is unique about the thumb?

Answer 54

the thumb has no middle phalanx

Question 55

What does the ilium form?

Answer 55

the superior region of the coxal bone

Question 56

What does the ischium form?

Answer 56

the posteroinferior part of the hip bone

Question 57

What does the pubis form?

Answer 57

the anterior portion of the hip bone

Question 58

What is unique about the femur? | Describe how it articulates with the hip and tibia/fibula.

Answer 58

it's the largest and strongest bone of the body | it articulates proximally with the hip and distally with the tibia and fibula

Question 59

Where do you find interosseous membrane?

Answer 59

between the tibia and fibula, also between the radius and ulna

Question 60

Explain articulations of tibia/fibula with femur and tarsals.

Answer 60

They articulate with the femur proximally and with the ankle bones distally

Question 61

Describe how the tibia and fibula lie to one another.

Answer 61

the fibula is located laterally to the tibia

Question 62

How many bones make up the ankle?

Answer 62

7 tarsals

Question 63

What are the tarsal bones? Tiger Cubs Need MILC

Answer 63

``` calcaneus talus cuboid navicular medial cuneiform intermediate cuneiform lateral cuneiform ```

Question 64

Describe how the talus articulates with the tibia/fibula and calcaneus.

Answer 64

The talus articulates with the tibia and fibula superiorly and the calcaneus inferiorly

Question 65

what does the calcaneus form?

Answer 65

the heel of the foot