Chapter 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissue

Question 1

What are the functions of the bones? Shelley Possibly Might Make a B or C

Answer 1

Support Protection Movement Mineral Storage Blood Cell Formation

Question 2

Function-Support forms (Shelley)

Answer 2

the framework that supports the body and cradles the soft organs

Question 3

Function-Protection (Possibly)

Answer 3

provides case for the brain, spinal cord and vital organs

Question 4

Function-Movement (Might)

Answer 4

provides levers for muscles

Question 5

Function-Mineral Storage is a (Make a)

Answer 5

reservoir for minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus

Question 6

Function-Blood Cell Formation is where (B or C)

Answer 6

most blood cell formation happens

Question 7

Hematopoiesis occurs within the

Answer 7

marrow cavities of the bones

Question 8

Classification of Bones Axial skeleton includes bones of the

Answer 8

skull vertebral column rib cage

Question 9

Axial skeleton bones

Answer 9

protect, support or carry other body parts

Question 10

Classification of Bones Appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the

Answer 10

upper and lower limbs shoulder hip

Question 11

Bones of the limbs help us

Answer 11

move from place to place and manipulate our environment

Question 12

Bones are classified as shapes such as

Answer 12

long flat short irregular

Question 13

Compact bones are

Answer 13

dense, and look smooth

Question 14

Spongy (cancelleous) bones are

Answer 14

a honeycomb of small needle-like or flat pieces called trabeculae

Question 15

what does trabeculae mean?

Answer 15

Little beams

Question 16

Open spaces between trabeculea are

Answer 16

filled with marrow

Question 17

Long bones are

Answer 17

longer than they are wide

Question 18

Long bones have

Answer 18

a shaft and two ends

Question 19

Long bones are primarily made up of

Answer 19

compact bones

Question 20

Examples of long bones are

Answer 20

all the bones in the limbs except the patella, wrist and ankle bones

Question 21

Long bones consists of a ______ and an _______.

Answer 21

Diaphysis and Epiphysis

Question 22

Diaphysis is the tubular shaft that forms

Answer 22

the long axis of bone

Question 23

Diaphysis is composed of

Answer 23

compact bone that surrounds the medullary cavity

Question 24

Epiphysis is the expanded

Answer 24

ends of long bones

Question 25

Epiphysis is composed of what 2 bones?

Answer 25

Compact (exterior) and spongy (interior)

Question 26

The epiphysis line separates the

Answer 26

diaphysis from the epiphysis

Question 27

Epiphysis joint surface is covered with

Answer 27

articular (hyaline) cartilage

Question 28

Periosteum is the

Answer 28

white double-layered protective membrane around diaphysis

Question 29

Periosteum outer fibrous layer is

Answer 29

dense irregular tissue

Question 30

Periosteum inner osteogenic layer is

Answer 30

on the bone surface, primarily composed of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 31

Sharpey's fibers are collagen fibers that

Answer 31

secure the periosteum to bone

Question 32

Endosteum is the delicate membrane covering the

Answer 32

internal surface of the bone

Question 33

Osteocytes are

Answer 33

mature bone cells

Question 34

Osteocytes lie in

Answer 34

lacunae at junctions of lamellae

Question 35

Canaliculi are hair-like canals that

Answer 35

nutrients and wastes pass through

Question 36

Identify all components of microscopic structure of compact bone

Answer 36

Question 37

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 37

bone develops from a fibrous membrane

Question 38

Endochondral ossification

Answer 38

bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage

Question 39

Stages of Intramembranous Ossification (4)

Answer 39

1. an ossification center appears in the fibrous connective tissue membrane 2. bone matrix (osteoid) is secreted within the fibrous membrane 3. woven bone and periossteum form 4. bone collar of compact bone forms and red marrow appears

Question 40

Stages of Eddochondral Ossification (5)

Answer 40

1. formation of bone collar 2. cavitation of the hyaline cartilage shaft 3. invasion of internal cavities by the periosteal bud, and spongy bone formation 4. formation of the medullary cavity; appearance of secondary ossification centers 5. ossification of the epiphyses

Question 41

Osteogenic zone is when

Answer 41

new bone formation occurs

Question 42

Osteoclasts degrage the spongy bone, that results in medulalry cavity growing longer as bone grow, this happens in the

Answer 42

osterogenic zone

Question 43

Hormonal control of blood calcium steps (4)

Answer 43

1. rising blood calcium levels trigger the thyroid to release calcitonin 2. calcitonin stimulates calcium salt deposit in bone 3. falling blood calcium levels signal the parathyroid glands to release PTH 4. PTH signals osteoclasts to degrade bone matrix and release calcium into the blood

Question 44

Define Wolff's Law

Answer 44

a bone grows or remodels in response to the forces or demands placed on it

Question 45

Bone fractures are classified by: (4)

Answer 45

- the position of the bone ends after the fracture - the completeness of the break - the orientation of the bone to the long axis - whether or not the bones ends penetrate the skin

Question 46

compound bone fracture is when

Answer 46

the bone penetrates the skin

Question 47

a simple bone fracture is when

Answer 47

the bone ends do not penetrate the skin

Question 48

Common types of fractures: comminuted

Answer 48

bone fragments into three or more pieces

Question 49

comminuted fractures are common

Answer 49

in the elderly

Question 50

Common types of fractures: spiral

Answer 50

ragged break when bone is excessively twisted

Question 51

spiral fractures are a common

Answer 51

sports injury

Question 52

Common types of fractures: greenstick

Answer 52

imcomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks and the other side bends

Question 53

greensticks fractures are common

Answer 53

in children

Question 54

commuicated fracture

Answer 54

Question 55

spiral fracture

Answer 55

Question 56

greenstick fracture

Answer 56

Question 57

4 stages in the healing of a bone fracture

Answer 57

1. hematoma formation 2. fibrocartilaginous callus formation 3. bony callus formation 4. bone remodeling

Question 58

Bones become so fragile in osteoporosis, that _______ can cause fractures.

Answer 58

sneezing

Question 59

Paget's disease is characterized by

Answer 59

excessive bone formation and breakdown