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Human Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 7 (Skeleton) > Flashcards

Chapter 7 (Skeleton) Flashcards

1
Q

clavicle

A

collarbone

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2
Q

cranium

A

skull

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3
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

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4
Q

sternum

A

anterior center of thoracic breast plate or breast bone

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5
Q

ribs or costae

A

arranged in thoracic cage
(costal, sternum
and thoracic
vertebrae)

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6
Q

vertebral column

A

vertebrae

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7
Q

humerus

A

most proximal bone of upper extremities

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8
Q

radius

A

lateral

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9
Q

carpal

A

wristbones

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10
Q

phalanges

A

distal, intermediate, and proximal

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11
Q

femur

A

longest bone in the body

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12
Q

tibia

A

medial, thicker

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13
Q

fibula

A

lateral, thinner

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14
Q

anterior cranial fossa

A

optic canals

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15
Q

middle cranial fossa

A

rotundum, ovale, and spinosum

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16
Q

posterior cranial fossa

A

jugular foramen, foramen magnum

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17
Q

zygomatic bone

A

cheek bone

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18
Q

ethmoid bone

A

intimate with many sinuses and nose area

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19
Q

orbit

A

eyes

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20
Q

frontal bone

A

anterior most

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21
Q

parietal bone

A

top of head

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22
Q

maxilla

A

medial aspect of cranium

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23
Q

mandible

A

jaw

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24
Q

mental foramen

A

many nerves come out to innovate lower jaw

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25
Q

glabella

A

center of two orbits

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26
Q

occipital bone

A

back of head

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27
Q

optic canal

A

most medial

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28
Q

external acoustic meatus

A

auditory canal

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29
Q

sphenoid

A

in between temporal and frontal

30
Q

hard palate

A

maxilla and palatine bone issues with cleft palate

31
Q

sphenoid bone

A

middle

32
Q

condylar process

A

posterior

33
Q

coronoid process

A

anterior

34
Q

hyoid

A

in medial neck

35
Q

frontal (1): forms forehead, superior part of orbitals, and most of the anterior cranial fossa; contains sinuses
parietal (2) : form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull

A

supraorbital foramina (notches): passageway for the supraorbital arteries and nerves

36
Q

temporal (2): form inferolateral aspects of the skull and contribute to the middle cranial fossa; have squamous, tympanic, and petrous parts

A

zygomatic process: contributes to the zygomatic arch, which forms the prominence of the cheek
mandibular fossa: articular point for the condylar process of the mandible
external acoustic meatus: canal leading from the external ear to the eardrum
styloid process: attachment site for several neck and tongue muscles and for a ligament to the hyoid bone
mastoid process: attachment site for several neck muscles
stylomastoid foramen: passageway for cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
jugular foramen: passageway for the internal jugular vein and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI
internal acoustic meatus: passageway for cranial nerves VII and VIII
carotid canal: passageway for the internal carotid artery

36
Q

occipital (1) : forms posterior aspect and most of the base

A

foramen magnum: allows passage of the spinal cord from the brain stem to the vertebral canal
hypoglossal canals: passageway fro the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII)
occipital condyles: articulate with the atlas (first vertebra)
external occipital protuberance and nuchal lines: sites of muscle attachment
external occipital crest: attachment site of ligamentum nuchae

37
Q

sphenoid (1): keystone of the cranium; contributes to the middle cranial fossa and orbits; main parts of the body, greater wings, lesser wings, and pterygoid processes
ethmoid (1): small contribution to the anterior cranial fossa; forms part of the nasal septum and the lateral walls and roof of the nasal cavity; contributes to the medial wall of the orbit

A

sella turcica: hypophyseal fossa portion is the seat of the pituitary gland
optic canals: passageway for cranial nerve II and the ophthalmic arteries
superior orbital fissures: passageway for cranial nerves II, IV, VI, part of V (ophthalmic division), and ophthalmic vein
foramen rotundum (2): passageway for the maxillary division of cranial nerve V
foramen ovale (2): passageway for the mandibular division of cranial nerve V
foramen spinosum (2): passageway for the middle meningeal artery
crista galli: attachment point for the falx cerebri, a dural membrane fold
cribriform plates: passageways for filaments of the olfactory nerves (cranial nerve I)
superior and middle nasal conchae: form part of lateral walls of nasal cavity; increase turbulence of air flow

38
Q

nasal (2): form the bridge of the nose
lacrimal (2): form part of the medial orbit wall
zygomatic (2): form the cheek and part of the orbit
inferior nasal concha (2): form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
mandible (1): the lower jaw

A

lacrimal fossa: houses the lacrimal sac, which helps to drain tears into the nasal cavity
coronoid processes: insertion points for the temporalis muscles
condylar processes: articulate with the temporal cones to form the jaw (temporomandibular) joints
mandibular symphysis: medical fusion point of the mandibular bones
dental alveoli: sockets for the teeth
mandibular foramina: passageway for the inferior alveolar nerves
mental foramina: passageway for the blood vessels and nerves to the chin and lower lip

39
Q

maxilla (2): keystone bones of the face; form the upper jaw and parts of the hard palate, orbits, and nasal cavity walls
palatine (2): form posterior part of the hard palate and a small part of nasal cavity and orbit walls
vomer (1): inferior part of the nasal septum
auditory ossicles: (malleus, incus, and stapes) (2 each) found in middle ear cavity, involved in sound transmission (see chapter 15)

A

dental alveoli: sockets for teeth
zygomatic process: helps form the zygomatic arches
palatine process: forms the anterior hard palate; the two processes meet medially in the intermaxillary suture
frontal process; forms part of the lateral aspect of bridge of nose
incisive fossa and incisive canal: passageway for blood vessels and nerves through anterior hard palate (fused palatine processes)
inferior orbital fissure: passageway for maxillary branch of cranial nerve V, the zygomatic nerve, and blood vessels
infraorbital foramen: passageway for infraorbital nerve to skin of face

40
Q

vertebral column

A

cervical 7
thoracic 12
lumbar 5
sacral 5 fused
coccyx 4 fused

41
Q

spinal cord posterior to discs

A
42
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral deviation

43
Q

kyphosis

A

upper thoracic, lower cervical

44
Q

lordosis

A

affect lumbar spine

45
Q

C1

A

atlas; holds up cranium

46
Q

C2

A

axis; spins on dens

47
Q

sacral

A

completely fused except end coccyx

48
Q

clavicle (collar bone)

A

scapula is posterior to thoracic cage

49
Q

ulna medial

A

radius lateral

50
Q

SLTPTCH
some lovers try positions that they cant handle

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamete

51
Q

scaphoid most commonly damaged from falls

A

most force from thumb

52
Q

hamete

A

blood supply; necrosis

53
Q

carpals, metacarpals, pip, mcp, mtp, dmp

A
54
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle (2) is in superoanterior thorax; articulates medially with sternum and laterally with scapula [acromial end; sternal end]
Scapula (2) is in posterior thorax; forms part of the shoulder; articulates with humerus and clavicle [glenoid cavity; spine; acromion; coracoid process; infraspinous,supraspinous, and subscapular fossae]

55
Q

Upper limb (Arm)

A

Humerus (2) is sole bone of arm; between scapula and elbow [head; greater and lesser tubercles; intertubercular sulcus; radial groove; deltoid tuberosity; coronoid and olecranon fossae; epicondyles; radial fossa]

56
Q

Forearm

A

Ulna (2) is the medial bone of the forearm between elbow and wrist; with the humerus (and radius) forms elbow joint [coronoid process; radial notch; trochlear notch; ulnar styloid process; head]
Radius (2) is the lateral bone of forearm; articulates with carpals to form part of the wrist joint [head; radial tuberosity; radial styloid process; ulnar notch]

57
Q

Carpals (16) scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate

A

carpals form a bony crescent at the wrist; arranged in two rows of four bones each

58
Q

metacarpals (10)

A

metacarpals form the palm; one in line with each digit

59
Q

phalanges (28) distal middle proximal

A

phalanges form the fingers; three in digits II-V; two in digit I (the thumb)

60
Q

patella kneecap

A
61
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Each hip (coxal) bone is formed by the fusion of an ilium, and pubis; the hip bones articulate anteriorly at the pubic symphysis and form sacroilliac joints with tje sacrum posteriorly; girdle consisting of both hip bones and the sacrum in basinlike [iliac crest; anterior and posterior iliac spines; greater and lesser sciatic notches; obturator foramen; ischial tuberosity and spine; acetabulum; pubic arch; pubic crest; pubic tubercle]

62
Q

Lower limb Thigh

A

Femur (2) is the sole bone of thigh; between hip joint and knee; largest bone of body [Head; greater and lesser trochanters; neck; lateral and medial condyles and epicondyles; gluteal tuberosity; linea aspera]

63
Q

Kneecap

A

Patella (2) is a sesamoid bone formed within the tendon of the quadriceps (anterior thigh) muscles

64
Q

Leg

A

Tibia (2) is the larger and more medial bone of leg; between knee and foot [medial and lateral condyles; tibial tuberosity; anterior border; medial malleolus]
Fibula (2) is the lateral bone of leg; sticklike [head; lateral malleolus]

65
Q

Foot

A

Tarsals (14) talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, medial cuneiform, are seven bones forming the proximal part of the foot; the talus articulates with the leg bones at the ankle joint; the calcaneus, the largest tarsal, forms the heel
Metatarsals (10) are five bones numbered I-V
Phalanges (28) distal, middle, proximal form the toes; three in digits II-V, two in digit I (the great toe)

66
Q

Cruciates cross each other to create X (connect femur to tibia) (drawer test)

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) - The ligament, located in the center of the knee, that controls rotation and forward movement of the tibia (shin bone). Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) - The ligament, located in the center of the knee, that controls backward movement of the tibia (shin bone).

67
Q

Base of foot or ball of foot (calcaneus)

A
68
Q

Osteoarthritis - associated with patients that are overweight and weight bearing joints such as hips and knees (also with age) [sign of osteoarthritis is doing aspiration on the joint and find joint rice which are splinters of bones surrounded by chondrocytes]

A
69
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis - autoimmune disease body attacks itself (attacking joints)

A

Human Anatomy & Physiology 1 (8 decks)

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