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Human Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 4 (Connective tissue) > Flashcards

Chapter 4 (Connective tissue) Flashcards

1
Q

basal surface

A

lower attached side, faces inward toward body

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1
Q

apical surface

A

upper free side, exposed to surface

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2
Q

simple epithelia

A

single layer thick

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3
Q

stratified epithelia

A

two or more layers thick and involved in protection

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4
Q

all epithelial tissues have 2 names

A
  1. number of cell layers (simple, stratified)
  2. shape of cell (squamous, cuboidal, columnar)
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5
Q

cell is named according to the shape in which layer

A

apical

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6
Q

squamous

A

flattened and scale-like

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7
Q

cuboidal

A

box-like, cube

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8
Q

columnar

A

tall, column-like

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9
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

appears to be multi-layered and stratified, but it is single-layered simple

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10
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium example

A

respiratory epithelium in bronchi of the lungs

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11
Q

simple squamous epithelium example

A

alveoli in the lungs, lining of the heart

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12
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

alveoli are thin air sacs that have to allow the exchange of gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen

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13
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

occurs in a lot of ducts and kidney tubules

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14
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium example

A

glands and ovaries

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15
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

layer of closely packed cells in stomach to protect underlying tissues from stomach acid

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16
Q

simple columnar epithelium example

A

gastrointestinal tract

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17
Q

cilia

A

microscopic, hair-like structures or organelles that extend from the surface and help move things around

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18
Q

non ciliated example

A

simple columnar epithelium of the stomach is

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19
Q

ciliated example

A

simple columnar epithelium respiratory tract in the lungs is
(need to be able to move mucus and bacteria)

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20
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

usually occurs in transition areas between 2 other types of epithelia

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21
Q

nonkeratinized type

A

the moist linings of the esophagus, mouth, vagina

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22
Q

keratinized variety

A

forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane

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23
Q

goblet cells are in

A

simple columnar epithelium in stomach

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24
Q

goblet cells are

A

mucus-secreting unicellular glands

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25
Q

order of naming

A
  1. ciliated or non ciliated
  2. simple or stratified
  3. shape
  4. goblet cells or no
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26
Q

which can be ciliated

A

only columnar

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27
Q

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium example

A

lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract

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28
Q

pseudostratified non ciliated columnar epithelium example

A

in males’ sperm-carrying ducts

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29
Q

memorize

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

30
Q

keratin

A

is a hydrophobic protein that helps retain water

31
Q

3 types of keratinized tissue

A

skin, hair, and nails

32
Q

transitional epithelium

A

resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; dome shaped

33
Q

transitional epithelium example

A

lines the ureters, bladder

34
Q

types of multicellular exocrine glands

A
  1. simple duct structure or compound duct structure (number of stems)
  2. tubular secretory structure or alveolar secretory structure (2nd is thicker)
35
Q

simple tubular

A

intestinal glands

36
Q

simple branched tubular

A

stomach (gastric) glands

37
Q

compound tubular

A

duodenal glands of small intestine

38
Q

simple alveolar

A

no example in humans

39
Q

simple branched alveolar

A

sebaceous (oil) glands

40
Q

compound alveolar

A

mammary glands

41
Q

compound tubuloalveolar

A

salivary glands

42
Q

merocrine glands

A

secrete their products by exocytosis (sweat glands)

43
Q

holocrine glands

A

ruptures, releases secretions (hormonal glands)

44
Q

connective tissue classes

A

connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone tissue
blood

45
Q

connective tissue subclasses

A
  1. loose connective tissue
    areolar - light airy
    adipose - fat
    reticular -
  2. dense connective tissue
    regular
    irregular
    elastic
46
Q

connective tissue cells

A

fibroblasts
fibrocytes
defense cells
adipocytes

47
Q

cartilage subclasses

A
  1. hyaline cartilage
  2. elastic cartilage
  3. fibrocartilage
48
Q

cartilage cells

A

chondroblasts found in growing cartilage
chondrocytes

49
Q

bone tissue subclasses

A
  1. compact bones
  2. spongy bones
50
Q

bone tissue cells

A

osteoblasts
osteocytes

51
Q

blasts

52
Q

cytes

53
Q

blood cells

A

erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBC)
leukocytes or white blood cells (WBC)
platelets

54
Q

Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, areolar

A

Wraps and cushions
organs; forms lamina propria of mucous
membranes

55
Q

Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, adipose

A

Closely packed adipocytes, or fat cells; insulates against
heat loss; under skin in
subcutaneous tissue - within
abdomen; in breasts

56
Q

Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, reticular

A

Fibers form a soft
internal skeleton (stroma); Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)

57
Q

Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense regular

A

Primarily parallel
collagen fibers; Tendons, most ligaments

58
Q

Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense irregular

A

Primarily
irregularly arranged collagen fibers; provides structural strength; dermis of the skin; submucosa of
digestive tract

59
Q

Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, elastic

A

Allows tissue to recoil after stretching; Walls of large
arteries

60
Q

Cartilage: hyaline

A

Supports and
reinforces; overs the
ends of long bones in joint
cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx.

61
Q

Cartilage: elastic

A

Supports the external ear (pinna); epiglottis

62
Q

Cartilage: fibrocartilage

A

Thick collagen fibers
predominate; Intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; discs of knee joint

63
Q

Others: bone (osseous tissue)

A

Stores calcium and
other minerals and fat; marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation
(hematopoiesis)

64
Q

Connective tissue: blood

A

Transport respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances; Contained within blood vessels

65
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary movement; in skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally to skin; striations

66
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Generally uninucleate
cells that interdigitate at
specialized junctions
(intercalated discs), branching; As it contracts,
it propels blood into the
circulation; walls of heart

67
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary
control; Mostly in the walls
of hollow organs

68
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Neurons are branching cells; Neurons transmit
electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands; Brain, spinal
cord, and nerves

69
Q

Classes of membranes

A

cutaneous
mucous
serous

70
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

The cutaneous membrane (the skin) covers the body surface

71
Q

Mucous membranes

A

Mucous membranes line body cavities that are open to the exterior (digestive organs)

72
Q

Serous membranes

A

Serous membranes line body cavities
that are closed to the exterior (lungs)

Human Anatomy & Physiology 1 (8 decks)

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