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Abver > chapter 7 skeletal system > Flashcards

chapter 7 skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

the human skeleton is initially what

A

cartilages and fibrous membranes

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2
Q

what cartilage is most abundant in the body

A

Hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

what age is the body completely ossified

A

By age 25 the skeleton is completely hardened

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4
Q

how many bone in human body

A

206 bones make up the adult skeleton (20% of body mass)

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5
Q

how many bone in appendicular skeleton

A

126 bones

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6
Q

how many bones axial skeleton

A

80 bones

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7
Q

classification of bones

A

Long Bones,Short Bones, Including Sesamoid bones or round bones, Flat Bones and Irregular Bones

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8
Q

function of bones

A

support and protect softer tissue, provide points of attachment for muscle, house blood-producing cells, and inorganic salts

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9
Q

what is epiphysis

A

ends of a long bone
Distal
Proximal

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10
Q

what is diaphysis

A

-shaft of a long bone

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11
Q

what is Metaphysis

A

widening part of the bone between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

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12
Q

what is compact bone

A

(cortical bone)-tightly packed cells found in diaphysis

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13
Q

what is spongy bone

A

(cancellous bone)- many branching bony plates found in epiphysis

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14
Q

what is articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage found on articulating surface

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15
Q

what is periosteum

A

tough outer covering of bone composed of dense connective tissue

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16
Q

what is endosteum

A

thin membrane of bone forming cells

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17
Q

what is medullary cavity

A

cavity containing marrow in the diaphysis of a long bone

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18
Q

what is trabeculea

A

branching bony plates that separate irregular spaces within spongy bone

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19
Q

what is bone marrow

A

Red marrow and yellow marrow

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20
Q

what kind of marrow is found in spongy bone

A

Red marrow

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21
Q

what dose red bone marrow produce

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

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22
Q

what kind of marrow is found in diaphysis

A

Yellow marrow

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23
Q

what dose yellow marrow store

A

fat

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24
Q

mature bones are called

A

osteocytes

25
Q

Osteocytes transport what

A

nutrients and wastes

26
Q

extracellular matrix of bone is largely what

A

collagen and inorganic salt

27
Q

what gives bone resilience

A

Collagen

28
Q

what gives bone hardness

A

Inorganic salts

29
Q

what is osteon

A

basic units in compact bone tissue (sometimes called Haversian systems)

30
Q

what is central canal

A

contains blood vessels and nerves

31
Q

what is osteocytes

what is perforating canal

A

Volkmann’s canal)- contain blood vessels and nerves and connect central canals of osteons\

32
Q

what is osteocytes

A

maintains bone once it’s formed

33
Q

what is lamellae

A

concentric layer of matrix in bony tissue

34
Q

what is lacunae

A

small chamber or cavity

35
Q

what is bone matrix

A

composed of collagen and inorganic salts

36
Q

what is Canaliculi

A

passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes

37
Q

Spongy bone extracellular matrix is laid down in what

A

trabeculae

38
Q

what bone originates within sheet-like layers of connective tissue go through

A

Intramembranous Ossification

39
Q

what kind of bones are intramembranous ossification

A

clavicles, sternum, and some facial bones

Flat bones of th e skull

40
Q

what kind of cartilage starts out through the body

A

hyaline cartilage

41
Q

what kind od ossification dose the body start out through

A

Endochondral

42
Q

what happens when blood calcium is low

and what kind of feedback

A

Bone Resorption – action of osteoclasts and parathyroid hormone
positive feedback

43
Q

what happens blood calcium is high

what kind of feedbeack

A

Bone Deposition – action of osteoblasts and calcitonin

negative feedback

44
Q

deficiencies of vitamin A

A

retards bone development

45
Q

deficiencies of vitamin C

A

results in fragile bones

46
Q

deficiencies of vitamin D

A

rickets, osteomalacia

47
Q

Insufficient Growth Hormone causes

A

Insufficient Growth Hormone – dwarfism

48
Q

Excessive Growth Hormone before closure of the epidhyseal

A

gigantism

49
Q

Excessive Growth Hormone after closure of the epidhyseal

A

acromegaly

50
Q

what hormone delays bone growth

A

Thyroid

51
Q

bone formation in sex hormones dose what

A

promote

52
Q

in sex hormone ossification is what

A

epiphyseal plate

53
Q

physical stress dose what to bone growth

A

stimulates

54
Q

Blood Cell Formation is what and occurs in what

A

Also known as hematopoiesis

Occurs in the red bone marrow

55
Q

Most abundant salt is

A

Calcium Phosphate

56
Q

condition that results from loss of bone mineral

A

Osteoporosis

57
Q

axial skeleton is composed of what

A

Skull
Hyoid bone
Thoracic cage
vertebral column

58
Q

Appendicular Skeleton is composed of what

A

Pectoral girdle
Upper limbs
Pelvic girdle
Lower limbs

Abver (8 decks)

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