chapter 6Integumentary system Flashcards
what is an organ
two or more kinds of tissue groups together and preforming specialized functions that constitutes
what makes up the integumentary system
skin and various structure
function of the integumentary system
Composed of several tissue types Maintains homeostasis Protective covering Retards water loss Regulates body temperature Houses sensory receptors Contains immune system cells Synthesizes chemicals Excretes small amounts of wastes
outermost layer of the skin
epidermis
what is the epidermis composed of
stratified squamous epithelial
what is the inner layer of integumentary system
Dermis
what is the dermis cantain
Contains collagenous and elastic fibers
Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) is beneath what
Beneath dermis
Subcutaneous layer is composed of what
Areolar and adipose C. T.
what dose the epidermis lack
blood vessel
what are the five layer of the epidermis
Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basale
location and characteristics Stratum corneum
L: outermost layer
C: many layer of Keratinized, dead epithelial cells that are flatten and non-nucleated
location and characteristic stratum lucidum
L: between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum on sloes and palms
C: Cells appear clear; nuclei, organelles, and cell membranes are no longer visable
location and characteristic stratum granulosum
L: Beneath the stratum corneum
C: three to five layers of flatten granular cells that contain shrunken fibers of keratin and shriveled nuclei
location and characteristic stratum spinosum
L: beneath the stratum granulosum
C: many layers of cell with centrally located, large, oval nuclei and developing fibers of keratin cells becoming flatten
location and characteristic stratum basale
L: Deepest layer
C: a single of cuboidal or columnar cells that divide and grow, this layer also includes melanocytes
what is 20-30 layers of dead, keratinized cells
Stratum corneum
what is the (mitotic layer and includes melanocytes
Stratum basale
these cells then harden in a process and composed of cell membrane of older cells
Keratinocytes
location of melanocytes
specialized cells in the epidermis
what dose melanocytes produce
melanin
what can influence skin color
genetic, environmental and physiological
genetic factors of skin
Varying amounts of melanin
Varying size of melanin granules
Albinos lack melanin
environmental factor of skin
Sunlight
UV light from sunlamps
X-rays
physiological factors of skin
Dilation of dermal blood vessels
Constriction of dermal blood vessels
Accumulation of carotene
Jaundice
how the skin produce vitamin D
This inactive form is then modified by the liver and kidneys to become an active form of vitamin D that can be used to build strong bones and teeth
what gives skin color and also absorbs UV light
Melanin
what produces the dark pigment of melanin
Melanocytes located in the stratum basale
the dermis is composed of what kind of tissue
dense irregular and areolar connective
the dermis contains what kind of cells
Nerve cell processes
Specialized sensory receptors
Muscle cells
what supplies epidermal cells with nutrients
Blood vessel
The dermis has what kind follicle and what else
Hair follicles
Glands
what are the two layer of the dermis
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
what is a superficial and what type of tissue
papillary, Areolar
what corpuscles are in the papillary layer
Meissner’s (tactile) corpuscles respond to light touch
what makes the finger print
Dermal papillae here
what accessory structure of the skin originates from epidermis
Nails
Hair follicles
Skin glands
what is a nail plate
overlies the surface of the skin also known as the nail bed
what is a nail bed
specialized epithelial cells continuous with the epithelium of the skin
what is a lunula
whitish, thicken, half-moon-shaped region. most active growing region
what are hair follicles composed of
Epidermal cells
what develop in a tube- like depression
hair follicle
three part that extend into the dermis of hair follicles
:
Hair root
Hair bulb
Hair shaft (dead, epidermal cells)
hair color is do to what and amount
me
functions of Arrector pili muscle
attaches to each hair follicles, it contracts, a short hair in the follicle stands on end
what kind of gland associated with hair follicles
Sebaceous
Sebaceous glands secrete what
Secrete sebum
what other type of secretion is in the sebaceous glands
oblique
what can sweet gland be called
sudoriferous glands
what originates in the deeper Sebaceous glands
deeper dermis
or hypodermis
description function location of Eccrine sweat glands
D: abundant sweat glands with odorless secretion
F: lower body temp
L: originate in deep dermis or subcutaneous layer and open to surface on forehead, neck, back
description function location of Apocrine sweet glands
D: less numerous sweat glands with secretion that develop odors
F: wet skin during pain, fear, emotional upset and sexual arousal
L: near hair follicle in armpit and groin
description function location of ceruminous sweat glands
D: D: modified sweat glands
F: secrete earwax
L: external acoustic meatus
description function location of mammary sweat glands
D: modified sweat glands
F: secrete milk
L: Breast
what is regulation of body temp
Regulation of body temperature is vitally important because even slight shifts can disrupt rates of metabolic reactions.
Skin plays a key role in the homeostatic mechanism that regulates body temperature.
The primary means of heat loss is
Radiation:
what is conduction
heat moves into a object that you are in contact with
what is convection
heated air moves away from the body being replaced by cooler air
what is evaporation
sweat is released onto the skins surface and evaporates carrying heat away from the surface
what is radiation
infrared heat escapes from warmer surfaces
