Chapter 7: Skeletal System

Question 1

gross structure of bones (types)

Answer 1

long, short, flat, irregular & sesamoid bones

Question 2

diaphysis (shaft)

Answer 2

hollow tube of hard compact bone

Question 3

medullary cavity

Answer 3

hollow area in diaphysis bone containing yellow bone marrow

Question 4

epiphyses

Answer 4

spongy bone containing red bone marrow

Question 5

articular cartilage

Answer 5

covers epiphyses & functions as cushion

Question 6

periosteum

Answer 6

strong membrane covering bone everywhere except joint surfaces

Question 7

endosteum

Answer 7

membrane lining medullary cavity

Question 8

osteoblasts

Answer 8

form new bone

Question 9

osteoclasts

Answer 9

reabsorb bone

Question 10

osteocytes

Answer 10

inactive osteoblasts

Question 11

axial skeleton

Answer 11

80 bones, skull, spine, thorax, and hyoid bone

Question 12

appendicular skeleton

Answer 12

126 bones, upper and lower extremities

Question 13

articular cartilage

Answer 13

covers joint ends of bones & absorbs joints

Question 14

synovial membrane

Answer 14

lines joint capsule & secretes lubricating fluid

Question 15

joint cavity

Answer 15

space between joint ends of bones

Question 16

bursa

Answer 16

fluid-filled pouch that absorbs shock; bursitis (inflammation)

Question 17

ball & socket joint

Answer 17

a movable joint where one bone is hooked into the hollow space of another (ex. hip joint)

Question 18

hinge joint

Answer 18

synovial joint that serves to allow motion primarily in one plane (ex. knee joint)

Question 19

pivot joint

Answer 19

synovial joint allowing for rotational movement around a single axis (ex. between 1st & 2nd vertebrae of neck)

Question 20

saddle joint

Answer 20

movable joint that allows movement on two planes, flexion-extension & abduction-adduction (ex. base of thumb)

Question 21

gliding joint

Answer 21

synovial joint that allows bones to glide past each other on a flat plane (ex. wrist joints)

Question 22

condyloid joint

Answer 22

joint in the body that connects two oval-shaped bones that fit together (ex. jaw joints)

Question 23

flexion

Answer 23

reduces the angle

Question 24

extension

Answer 24

increases the angle

Question 25

abduction

Answer 25

to move a part away from the midline

Question 26

adduction

Answer 26

move a part toward the midline

Question 27

rotation

Answer 27

spins one bone relative to another

Question 28

circumduction

Answer 28

moves the distal end of a bone in a circle, proximal and relatively stable