Chapter 7, Section 1 Flashcards
When was Alaska bought?
1867
Who was responsible for buying Alaska?
William Seward
Who was William Seward?
- Andrew Johnson’s Secretary of State
- he saw potential for resources such as timber, fur, and metal
Who sold Alaska and for much?
Russia- 7.2mil -> pennies/acre -> paid for itself with gold and oil
What was Alaska nicknamed before discovering the resources?
“Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox”
2 reasons why the United States purchase Alaska
-wanted to keep Russia out of North America
-for expansion
4 reasons why countries colonize
-“the white man’s burden”
-expand
-trade
-military (navies can refuel)
What is imperialism?
getting into the political affairs of other countries (ex. colonizing)
Major nations at this time
Great Britain, Germany, France, Belgium, Japan, etc.
What is “the white man’s burden”?
the idea that countries where their population isn’t white are not capable of governing themselves
What is the Open Door Policy?
all countries should have equal trading rights in China
What did the Boxer Rebellion (1900) do?
their were anti-foreigners who targeted and killed merchants and missonaries
When was Hawaii first “discovered”?
1778 by Captain James Cook (British explorer), called it Sandwich Islands-> didn’t ‘claim’ only made world aware of it
Who united the 8 major Hawaiian Islands and created the Hawaiian monarchy?
Chief Kamehameha
What did Chief Kamehameha also accomplish?
started trade in sandalwood
When did the U.S. started trading with Hawaii?
1820s
Affects the U.S. had on Hawaii
-ships brought traders and missionaries
-missionaries from New England
-wanted to convert the Hawaiian natives
-settled and began to raise crops like sugar cane
-brought diseases which Hawaiians had no immunity
-population of Hawaii went from 300,000 (1700s) to 40,000 (1893)
Sugarcane Industry in Hawaii
-controlled/owned by Americans
-became very wealthy
-very labor intensive
-requires a lot of land (plantations), irrigation, cutting, boiling
-imported workers from China, Japan, Philippines because few Hawaiians left
King Kalakaua’s opinion of America’s hold in Hawaii
-resented American economic control of the islands
-wanted to put it back in Hawaiian control
-created problems with the American leaders, plantation owners
What did King Kalakaua’s opinion of America lead to?
-started the Hawaiian League
-purpose was to overthrow the king and establish
a democracy under the control of Americans
-wanted Pearl Harbor; Kalakaua refused
-became angry and forced him to sign the
bayonet constitution
What was the Bayonet Constitution?
-restricted Kalakaua’s power
-Hawaiians lost right to vote
-gave Pearl Harbor to United States
When did King Kalakaua die?
1891
Who took over for King Kalakaua?
his sister Liliuokalani
Liliuokalani’s opinion of the Bayonet Constitution
-wanted to do away with bayonet constitution
-1893 announced her plan to restore Hawaiian power
What did Liliuokalani’s opinion of the Bayonet Constitution lead to?
-business leaders plotted to overthrow her
-wanted the islands to be a territory of the United States
Who was John Stevens?
American minister to Hawaii
What did John Stevens do?
-decided to help sugar planters
-ordered 4 boatloads of Marines to go ashore
-surrounded national palace with cannons and machine guns
-Liliuokalani forced to surrender (January 17, 1893)
Did John Stevens have any authority to order Marines into Hawaii?
No
What did the sugar planters do after Liliuokalani surrendered?
formed new regime w/ Sanford B. Dole as president
With absolutely no right nor authority, what else did John Stevens do?
-recognized the new Republic of Hawaii
-proclaimed Hawaii under U.S. protection
Who was president at the time of Hawaii’s annexation?
Grover Cleveland
Cleveland’s opinion of the annexation?
-President Grover Cleveland troubled by events
-ordered an investigation
-report against the sugar planters and recommended restoring Liliuokalani
-Cleveland agreed but Dole refused to step down
-Cleveland not willing to use military force to back her but did not support annexation either
-remained at a standstill during his presidency
Who was president after Cleveland?
MicKinely
McKinely’s opinion of the annexation?
-McKinley favored annexation
-Congress voted for annexation in 1898
-became U.S. territory
-became state in 1959
When did Congress formally apologize for what they did to Hawaii?
-Congress in 1993 apologized for the U.S. role in overthrowing Liliuokalani
China carved out spheres of influence of trade with what countries?
Russia, France, Germany, Great Britain and Japan (the USA felt left out)
How did America gain trading rights in China?
-Secretary of State John Hay proposed the Open Door Policy
Who did the US pressure into opening up ports for trade?
Japan
What did Commodore Matthew Perry do?
-took fleet of ships to force open trade (1853)
-Japan not industrialized; in awe of the steamships
What did Japan do after receiving a visit from Matthew Perry?
-began massive modernization (society and military)
-became imperialistic
What two countries wanted Korea and Mucheria?
Russia and Japan
What did the conflict between Russia and Japan lead to? Who was the expected winner?
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) and Russia was expected to win
What was the outcome of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)?
-took a heavy toll
-asked for help with a treaty
-Theodore Roosevelt (won Nobel Peace Prize for it)
-Treaty of Portsmouth (1905-New Hampshire)
-Japan won war
-U.S. became nervous over Japanese expansion
What did America do to ensure their dominance over Japan?
Great White Fleet (1907-1909)
-Rear Admiral Charles Sperry
-stopped at 20 ports on 6 continents (43,000
miles)
-sure to stop in Japan
