Chapter 7 Respiration

Question 1

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 1

the release of energy by the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen

Question 2

How much energy is released in aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

Large amount

Question 3

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 3

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide+ water

Question 4

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 4

the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen

Question 5

Why does anaerobic respiration occur during vigorous activity?

Answer 5

aerobic respiration is unable to release energy fast enough to meet the demand as muscular contractions are vigorous.

Question 6

What happens if muscular contractions continue to be vigorous?

Answer 6

energy demand increases

Question 7

what’s the difference in energy released for aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 7

aerobic respiration releases a large amount of energy while anaerobic releases a small amount of energy

Question 8

what’s the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 8

glucose—> lactic acid

Question 9

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 9

The amount of oxygen required to remove lactic acid

Question 10

Why does oxygen debt happen?

Answer 10

There is insufficient oxygen to meet the demands of the vigorous muscular contractions

Question 11

how can lactic acid be removed after?

Answer 11

1. continuation of fast heart rate
2. continuation of deeper and faster breathing

Question 12

how does continuation of fast heart rate remove lactic acid?

Answer 12

It results in a fast transport of
1. lactic acid from the muscles to the liver (lml)
2. oxygen from the lungs to liver (oll)

Question 13

how does continuation of deeper and faster breathing remove lactic acid?

Answer 13

1. fast intake of oxygen by the lungs
2. to obtain oxygen for supply to liver

Question 14

What is gas exchange?

Answer 14

the exchange of gases between organism and environment

Question 15

whats the order of human gas exchange system?

Answer 15

NPLTBBA(national parks land trust…)
Nasal passages
Pharynx
Larynx
Tranches
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 16

what is the adaptation of lungs for efficient gas exchange?

Answer 16

1. numerous alveoli –> provides a large surface area to volume ratio
2. one cell thick alveolus wall –> provide short diffusion distance, ensure higher rate of diffusion
3. thin film of moisture on the inner wall of alveolus –> allow oxygen to dissolve in it
4. walls of alveoli are richly supplied with blood capillaries –> maintains concentration gradient of gases

Question 17

how does gas exchange occur in alveoli?

Answer 17

1.oxygen dissolves into the thin film of moisture
2. diffuses through the wall of alveolus and wall of blood capillary
3. carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolar cavity from the blood

Question 18

what happens in the lungs when oxygen concentration is high?

Answer 18

oxygen + haemoglobin –> oxyhemoglobin

Question 19

what happens if oxygen concentration is low?

Answer 19

oxyhemoglobin will release oxygen ( the opposite of when oxygen is high)

Question 20

effects of nicotine?

Answer 20

RBPCA
(addictive)
1. increases heart rate and blood pressure
2. increases blood clots –> increases risk of coronary heart disease
3. increases risk of arteries to narrow

Question 21

effects of carbon monoxide?

Answer 21

reduces ability of blood to transport oxygen –> carbon monoxide bind together with haemoglobin, less haemoglobin

Question 22

effects of tar?

Answer 22

1.increases risk of cancer –> causes uncontrolled cell division
2. increased risk of chronic bronchitis and emphysema (TCBE) –> it paralyses the cilia

Question 23

how does smoke cause chronic bronchitis?

Answer 23

exposure to irritant particles:
1. bronchi becomes inflamed
2.exccessive mucus is secreted
3.cilia is paralysed -> mucus and dust cannot be removed
4. air passages become blocked
5. persistent coughing to clear air passages to breathe -> lead to lung infections

Question 24

how does smoke lead to emphysema?

Answer 24

persistent coughing:
1. partition walls between the alveoli break down
2. decreases surface area for gaseous exchange
3. lungs loses elasticity and become inflated with air
4. wheezing and severe breathlessness