Chapter 7- Radioactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do radioactive material emit radiation?

A

So they can become more stable

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2
Q

Where does the radiation come from?

A

The nucleus

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3
Q

What are the three types of radiation?

A

Alpha, Beta and Gamma

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4
Q

What is alpha made of?

A
2 protons and 2 neutrons 
The charge is positive 
The mass is 4
The range in the air is a few cm
Paper can stop it
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5
Q

What is Beta?

A
A fast moving electron 
It is negative 
Is mass is almost 0
It’s range is 1m
It is stopped by a few cm of aluminium
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6
Q

What is gamma?

A
It’s Em radiation and is a wave
It has no change 
It has no mass
It can go a long way
It gets through lots of lead
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7
Q

What are isotopes?

A

They are atoms which have the same amount of protons but different neutrons

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8
Q

Which is the most ionising?

A

Alpha

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9
Q

Which is the least ionising?

A

Gamma

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10
Q

What is the half- life?

A

The time for half of the number of radioactive atoms to decay

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11
Q

What is nuclear fusion?

A

Nuclear atoms fusing together

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12
Q

What is nuclear fission?

A

Atoms splitting apart

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13
Q

Describe nuclear fission-

A

Neutrons hit the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons come off of these and hit more nucleus’

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14
Q

What is nuclear fusion?

A

Nuclear atoms fusing together

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15
Q

Where does fusion happen naturally?

A

In sun and stars where they use it to release energy

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16
Q

What are the problems with nuclear fusion ?

A

It takes a long time

17
Q

Why would fusion be a good source of energy?

A

It is safe
Not much radiation
Not much nuclear waste

18
Q

Radioactive decay…

A

Unstable atoms losing energy

19
Q

Atomic number…

A

Protons

20
Q

Mass number…

A

Protons and neutrons

21
Q

Isotope…

A

Different amount of protons

22
Q

Irradiated…

A

Exposure to radiation

23
Q

Ionisation…

A

Loosing or gaining electrons to become an ion

24
Q

Count rate…

A

Total rate/ total time

25
Q

Becquerel…

A

The SI unit of radioactivity

26
Q

Plum pudding model…

A

A positively charged matter with electrons spread out and neutrons buried inside

27
Q

Rutherford’s model…

A

Positively charged Britton which makes up most of the model

28
Q

Bohr’s model

A

Electrons orbit the nucleus which are made up of protons and neutrons