Chapter 7: Personality Stability, Development, and Change

Question 1

What is the rank-order consistency?

Answer 1

It is the stability acquired with age

Question 2

What is the temperament?

Answer 2

It is the personality that one begins with and is partially determined by genes

Question 3

What is the Heterotypic continuity?

Answer 3

The effect of the fundamental tendencies changes with age

Question 4

What are the 3 types of person-environment transactions?

Answer 4

1. Active
2. Reactive
3. Evocative

Question 5

What is the cumulative continuity principle?

Answer 5

It is when one’s environment becomes more stable with age

Question 6

What is a cross-sectional study?

Answer 6

When you evaluate different generations for the same question

Question 7

What is the cohort effects?

Answer 7

It is when a group of people share the same trauma/experience

Question 8

What is a longitudinal study?

Answer 8

It is when you test one person on the same thing for a long period of time

Question 9

Define the maturity principle.

Answer 9

Which is that the traits needed to perform adult roles effectively increase with age

Question 10

What are the 3 steps of the narrative identity?

Answer 10

1. Actor
2. Agent
3. Author

Question 11

What are the four potential way to change?

Answer 11

1. Psychotherapy
2. General intervention
3. Targeted intervention
4. Life experiences

Question 12

Research has shown that…

a. it is possible to intentionally change personality, such as make someone more self-controlled
b. personality does not change after about age 50
c. longitudinal studies reveal different patterns of development from what have been found in cross-sectional studies
d. one principle is sufficient to explain personality change

Answer 12

a. it is possible to intentionally change personality, such as make someone more self-controlled

Question 13

Personality stability…

a. is only affected by genetics
b. increases as people get older
c. is so low that adult behavior cannot be predicted by childhood personality
d. is certainly not affected by birth order

Answer 13

b. increases as people get older

Question 14

Which statement about personality development is true?

a. Personality changes very little after age 30
b. Rank-order stability tends to be high
c. The mean levels of traits change over time
d. Both b and c are correct

Answer 14

d. Both b and c are correct